rachel-zhang
Rachel Andrew runs her own Web solutions company. edgeofmyseat.com, the company Website, is also home to various Web standards articles and Dreamweaver extensions.
Rachel Andrew经营着自己的Web解决方案公司。 公司网站edgeofmyseat.com上还包含各种Web标准文章和Dreamweaver扩展。
Rachel preaches practical standards to those who wouldn’t normally stop to consider the issues involved. She is a member of the Dreamweaver Task Force for the Web Standards project’s www.webstandards.org, and the co-author of 2 books.
雷切尔向那些通常不会停下来考虑所涉及问题的人讲授实践标准。 她是Web标准项目的Dreamweaver工作组的成员，该网站是www.webstandards.org ，并且是两本书的合著者。
Recently I spoke to her about standards, working with Macromedia, Dreamweaver, and a lot more…
最近，我与她谈了有关标准的信息，与Macromedia，Dreamweaver等一起使用…
Rachel, do you think standards are becoming more accepted in the wider web community?
Rachel，您认为标准在更广泛的Web社区中正在越来越被接受吗？
Definitely. A year ago I was inciting flame wars on mailing lists simply by saying that it might be a good idea to validate a page that is being troublesome. That doesn’t happen any more. There is more understanding out there of what Web standards are, and why they’re important, and there’s a growing interest in working with CSS for layout, using XHTML as opposed to HTML, ensuring that pages are accessible, and so on.
绝对是 一年前，我只是在说要验证有麻烦的页面可能是一个好主意，从而在邮件列表上激起火焰大战。 那不再发生了。 人们对Web标准是什么以及为什么它们很重要有了更多的了解，并且越来越关注使用CSS进行布局，使用XHTML而不是HTML，确保可访问页面等等。
If people aren’t willing to move with the times, they’re going to get left behind – and newcomers to the industry, who aren’t stuck working the way we had to work four or five years ago, are going to find that they have a real advantage over these people.
如果人们不愿意与时俱进，他们将被抛在后面，而这个行业的新来者并不会像我们四，五年前那样努力工作。发现他们比这些人有真正的优势。
Why did you think it was the right time to write a book for complete beginners that covers standards?
您为什么认为现在是为初学者编写涵盖标准的书的合适时机？
A complete newcomer to this industry would be crazy to learn anything else. Web standards are really coming into the spotlight, not just because they’re important in their own right, but because using mark-up that validates has implications on a whole host of other issues. There’s accessibility, for one: a standards compliant document has a far higher chance of being parsed correctly by devices other than a Web browser. If you’re starting right at the beginning, you might as well start out with a solid understanding of the languages that are used on the Web, and how to use them in the correct way.
完全不熟悉该行业的新手会疯狂地学习其他任何东西。 Web标准确实成为人们关注的焦点，不仅因为它们本身具有重要意义，而且因为使用可验证的标记会影响其他许多问题。 其中有一个可访问性：符合标准的文档更有可能被Web浏览器以外的设备正确解析。 如果您从头开始，那么最好还是对Web上使用的语言以及如何以正确的方式使用它们有扎实的了解。
This is one area in which a newcomer can really gain an advantage, as they don’t have to “unlearn” old techniques that we once used to cope with two main browsers and their associated proprietary tags and implementations.
这是一个新手可以真正获得优势的领域，因为他们不必“学习”我们曾经用来应对两个主要浏览器及其相关专有标签和实现的旧技术。
How was it working with Macromedia as part of their Dreamweaver Task Force? Why does MX still default to <b> and <i> rather than <strong> and <em>?
作为Macromedia的Dreamweaver工作组的一部分，它是如何工作的？ 为什么MX仍默认为<b>和<i>而不是<strong>和<em> ？
I think the best thing about the run-up to the launch of Dreamweaver MX was how much was changed. I was impressed by the amount of work Macromedia was prepared to put in, to ensure that Dreamweaver MX did support Web standards –- including the new support for XHTML, the validator, and the new CSS Property Inspector.
我认为，Dreamweaver MX推出前的最好准备就是更改了多少。 Macromedia为确保Dreamweaver MX确实支持Web标准(包括对XHTML的新支持，验证器和新CSS Property Inspector)所做的大量工作使我印象深刻。
At the end of the day, what we have with Dreamweaver MX is a visual development environment that can, out of the box, produce pages that validate to an HTML or XHTML DOCTYPE. That’s a huge improvement over Dreamweaver 4, and means that even those designers who know or care very little about standards can produce sites that come far closer to being standards compliant than they were before. The fact that there are things like the validator included also raises awareness. If someone who doesn’t know about standards runs a page through the validator and it returns some errors, they may well investigate what they need to do to fix them — and become more knowledgeable in the process.
归根结底，Dreamweaver MX所具有的是一个可视化开发环境，可以即开即用地生成可验证为HTML或XHTML DOCTYPE的页面。 与Dreamweaver 4相比，这是一个巨大的改进，这意味着即使是对标准一无所知的设计师也可以创建比以前更符合标准的站点。 有些东西包括验证器的事实也提高了人们的认识。 如果不了解标准的人通过验证器运行页面并返回一些错误，则他们很可能会调查他们需要采取哪些措施来解决这些问题，并使他们在过程中变得更加了解。
For those developers who do understand the issues and were very frustrated by earlier versions of Dreamweaver, which added elements that made their documents invalid, Dreamweaver MX is a big leap forward. Of course, there’s no substitute for knowledge and the ability to write mark-up by hand. But if you like to work in a visual way, Dreamweaver MX is a tool that lets you work visually and create clean, compliant mark-up.
对于确实了解这些问题并且对早期版本的Dreamweaver感到沮丧的开发人员，Dreamweaver添加了使文档无效的元素，Dreamweaver MX是一个巨大的飞跃。 当然，知识和手工书写标记的能力无可替代。 但是，如果您希望以视觉方式工作，Dreamweaver MX是一种工具，可让您以视觉方式工作并创建整洁，合规的标记。
There are things that would make it even better and, as you point out, some things still hark back to an older way of doing things (use of <strong> and <em> tags, and the Property Inspector defaulting to font tags, being two of those). However, it’s quite likely that many users of Dreamweaver would have no idea what <strong> meant, and are still working on sites that use font tags as opposed to CSS. If Dreamweaver appeared to have dropped support for the way these work, then that segment of the Dreamweaver audience would feel rather unhappy towards Macromedia!
有些事情会使它变得更好，并且正如您所指出的，有些事情仍旧回溯到一种较旧的处理方式(使用<strong>和<em>标签，而Property Inspector默认使用字体标签，其中两个)。 但是，Dreamweaver的许多用户很可能不了解<strong>含义，并且仍在使用字体标签而不是CSS的网站上工作。 如果Dreamweaver似乎已经取消了对方式支持这些工作，那么Dreamweaver的观众认为段会觉得对Macromedia的相当不爽！
I see Dreamweaver MX as a “stepping stone” to a product that does default to a truly standards-compliant way of working. Perhaps the next version will be that product, and the defaults will be what is considered best practice. By that point, users will hopefully have found these newer ways of working -– either through the Dreamweaver interface, or just because awareness is growing — and it won’t be such a shock to them!
我将Dreamweaver MX视为产品的“垫脚石”，该产品默认为真正符合标准的工作方式。 也许下一个版本将是该产品，默认值将是最佳实践。 到那时，用户将有望找到这些更新的工作方式-通过Dreamweaver界面，或者仅仅是因为知名度不断提高-不会对他们造成太大的冲击！
The fact that developers of Web authoring tools, and browser manufacturers are now quoting standards compliance as a top feature of their products really demonstrates how important this issue is becoming.
Web创作工具的开发人员和浏览器制造商现在都将标准合规性作为其产品的一项主要功能，这一事实实际上表明了这一问题的重要性。
What do you think is the ‘next big thing’ for the Web? Do you see Rich Internet Apps (e.g., with Flash remoting and ColdFusion MX) becoming common or even replacing the html paradigm?
您认为网络的“下一件大事”是什么？ 您是否看到Rich Internet Apps(例如，带有Flash远程处理和ColdFusion MX)变得常见，甚至取代了html范例？
I’ll just get out my crystal ball! I don’t know, I think that (x)html is going to be the main focus of client-side Web development for a long time yet. I think there is certainly a market for rich Internet applications, and I imagine we’ll see more large scale Flash offerings as time goes on.
我就拿出我的水晶球！ 我不知道，我认为(x)html长期以来将成为客户端Web开发的主要重点。 我认为富互联网应用肯定有市场，并且我想随着时间的流逝，我们将看到更多的大规模Flash产品。
However, with the purpose of so many sites being to publish content, and to allow the access and indexing of that content, we are going to be marking up content for some time yet! I think that the development that will make most difference to the average developer in the near future will be the increase of people accessing the ‘net through mobile devices -– Web phones and other handhelds.
但是，出于众多站点发布内容的目的，并允许对该内容进行访问和索引，我们将在一段时间内标记内容！ 我认为，在不远的将来将对普通开发人员产生最大影响的开发将是通过移动设备(网络电话和其他手持设备)访问“网络”的人数增加。
How did you start in this profession?
您是如何开始这个职业的？
Totally by chance! I’m a trained dancer and singer and had it not been for the fact that I became a mum I’d probably be still doing something theatre-related. I got my first computer when I was pregnant, and I didn’t really have any intention of doing very much with it.
完全是偶然！ 我是一位训练有素的舞者和歌手，如果不是因为成为一名妈妈，我可能仍会做一些与剧院有关的事情。 怀孕时我有了第一台计算机，但实际上我并没有任何打算这样做。
However, my ISP had just started to offer Web space with their accounts and they had some excellent tutorials on ‘how to create a Web page’ which, as this was in the days before visual editors, were tutorials on how to write HTML and basic JavaScript. It wasn’t my intention to learn how to do this because I might be able to make a career out of it, I was just having fun, and learning something new. It was quite a surprise when people started offering to pay me to design sites for them!
但是，我的ISP刚刚开始使用他们的帐户提供Web空间，并且他们提供了一些关于“如何创建网页”的出色教程，就像在可视编辑器出现之前的日子一样，这是有关如何编写HTML和基本语言的教程。 JavaScript。 我的目的不是学习如何做到这一点，因为我可能能够从中谋取一份职业，我只是在享受乐趣，并学到了一些新东西。 当人们开始愿意付钱给我为他们设计网站时，这真是令人惊讶！
By this point I was starting to realize that my skills were far stronger on the development side than design, so I began to focus more on the backend: server-side scripting and database development. By the time my daughter was three and I needed to go back into full time employment, I was well placed to land a job working as a Webmaster for an organization.
至此，我开始意识到我的技能在开发方面远胜于设计，因此我开始更加关注后端：服务器端脚本和数据库开发。 到我女儿三岁的时候，我需要重新从事全职工作时，我已经很容易找到一份工作，担任组织的网站管理员。
I now run my own company, but I still feel as if I’m learning as much now as I was in those early days. I have to devote a lot of time to learning new skills and refining my existing ones, but that’s the fun of it for me. There is always a sense of achievement. Almost every day I can pinpoint a moment where something clicked, or I have written a piece of code that I’m proud of, or I’ve designed an application on paper that I am really looking forward to getting stuck into and building. Yeah, I’m a geek… But a happy one!
我现在经营着自己的公司，但我仍然觉得自己像在早期一样学习着很多东西。 我必须花很多时间来学习新技能和完善现有技能，但这对我来说很有趣。 总会有成就感。 几乎每天，我都可以查明发生了什么单击的瞬间，或者我写了一段令我引以为傲的代码，或者我已经在纸上设计了一个应用程序，我真的很希望能参与其中并进行构建。 是的，我是一个极客…但是很开心！
What are the biggest changes you’ve seen since then?
从那以后您看到的最大变化是什么？
I think I was very lucky to start when I did. At the time there was HTML, some very basic JavaScript and relatively basic server-side scripting using cgi. However, most of the sites that were being produced were static html sites, and it didn’t take too long to get to a point where you had enough skills to compete. For someone coming to the profession now, the landscape is going to look very different. There are so many directions that you can go in, so many technologies that you could be learning and of course, everyone you speak to will have a different opinion on what is best to learn.
我觉得我很幸运能从那时开始。 当时有HTML，一些非常基础JavaScript和使用cgi的相对基础的服务器端脚本。 但是，大多数正在生成的网站都是静态html网站，并且花了很短的时间就可以掌握足够的技能来竞争。 对于现在进入该行业的人来说，情况将大为不同。 您可以进入很多方向，可以学习很多技术，当然，与您交谈的每个人对于最好的学习方法都有不同的看法。
The biggest changes are probably in the fact that the Web has become big business. Having a Web presence isn’t an optional extra any more. The first thing that many people do to find out about a company is to look on the Web. If a company doesn’t have a site, or their site looks dreadful, people take that into account when deciding whether to use that company’s services or buy their products – in the same way that you might not buy from a store that was dirty and untidy.
最大的变化可能是因为网络已成为大生意。 拥有Web存在不再是可选的额外功能。 很多人要做的关于公司的第一件事就是在Web上浏览。 如果一家公司没有网站，或者他们的网站看起来很可怕，那么人们在决定使用该公司的服务还是购买其产品时会考虑到这一点，就像您可能不会从一家商店购买时一样。脏乱的。
Also, there’s an increasing move away from static sites to sites that are ‘Web applications’. Even small-scale clients want to be able to update their content themselves, they want interactive features, to provide members-only content, and so on. This means that individual Web designers either need to learn the technologies necessary for building these features, or work together with other individuals who can. A lot of people are feeling pressure to be able to ‘do it all’ right now, and there’s a danger to spread yourself to thin when learning all these technologies. Often, the best thing to do is decide where you are going to be an ‘expert’ and then, if you are working alone, get together with people who can offer the skills you don’t have.
同样，从静态站点到“ Web应用程序”站点的转移也越来越多。 甚至小规模的客户也希望能够自己更新其内容，他们希望具有交互功能，提供仅会员的内容，等等。 这意味着单个Web设计人员要么需要学习构建这些功能所必需的技术，要么可以与其他可以协作的人一起工作。 现在很多人都感到压力，需要“全力以赴”，在学习所有这些技术时，存在使自己陷入困境的危险。 通常，最好的办法是确定要成为“专家”的地方，然后，如果您是一个人工作，请与可以提供您所没有的技能的人聚在一起。
When you’re hiring, what do you look for?
招聘时，您要寻找什么？
People who “get it”. People who love learning, and can talk with passion about the work that they do and the projects they’ve been involved with. People who keep their skills up to date, who can talk about current issues in Web design or development, and who can see the big picture outside their own particular skill-set.
知道的人。 热爱学习，并且可以热情地谈论他们所做的工作和参与过的项目的人。 掌握最新技术的人员，可以谈论Web设计或开发中的当前问题以及可以在自己的特定技能范围之外看到全局的人们。
When you work with people who are enthusiastic about what they do, and who are keen to try new things and hammer out ideas as opposed to just ‘doing what we always do’ it creates a really productive and enjoyable environment. Those are the kinds of people I want to work with.
当您与热衷于所做工作的人一起工作，并且热衷于尝试新事物并提出新的想法而不是仅仅“做我们一直做的事情”时，它会创造一个真正富有成效和令人愉快的环境。 这些就是我想与之共事的人。
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