2015年Stack Overflow开发人员调查

If you’re reading this, you’re probably a male developer in your late twenties who’s been doing the job for up to five years. You taught yourself to program, use a Windows PC with Notepad++ and class yourself as a full-stack developer. You use Git and JavaScript frequently and drink two cups of coffee per day.

如果您正在阅读本文，那么您可能是二十多岁的男性开发人员，从事这项工作长达五年之久。 您自学了编程，将Windows PC与Notepad ++一起使用，并将自己列为全栈开发人员。 您经常使用Git和JavaScript，每天喝两杯咖啡。

That’s the profile of the average Stack Overflow developer from their 45-question 2015 survey. It received 26,086 responses from technically-minded people in 157 countries. Let’s look at the results in more detail…

这就是2015年有45个问题的 Stack Overflow开发人员的平均状况。 它收到了来自157个国家/地区的技术专家的26,086份回复。 让我们更详细地看一下结果…

开发人员，开发人员，开发人员 (Developers, Developers, Developers)

How many developers are there in your country? The highest is Luxembourg with 39.8 developers per 1,000 people (perhaps you know someone who’s a 0.8!) Several Scandinavian countries come second with 35 developers per 1,000 while Somalia, Chad and North Korea have the fewest.

贵国有多少开发商？ 最高的是卢森堡，每千人中有39.8个开发人员(也许您认识的人是0.8！)。第二个斯堪的纳维亚国家以每千人中35个开发人员排名第二，而索马里，乍得和北朝鲜则最少。

The average developer is 28.9 years old. They tend to be a little older in Western countries and younger in developing countries: 31.6 for the US compared to 25 for India.

平均开发人员年龄为28.9岁。 他们在西方国家通常年龄稍大一些，而在发展中国家则年轻一些：美国为31.6，而印度为25。

Depressingly, 92.1% of us are male. Development has a gender balance problem but I doubt it would reach 50-50 even if discrimination were not a factor.

令人沮丧的是，我们中92.1％是男性。 发展存在性别平衡问题，但我怀疑即使歧视不是一个因素，发展速度也会达到50-50。

技能与经验 (Skills and Experience)

A third of developers have between two and five year’s experience. A quarter of respondents have more than eleven years knowledge.

三分之一的开发人员具有两年到五年的经验。 四分之一的受访者拥有超过十一年的知识。

The majority of women have less than two years experience. I hope this means more women are entering the industry and the gender gap is closing. Alternatively, it could mean women rapidly move on to other roles?

大多数妇女的经验不足两年。 我希望这意味着更多的女性正在进入这个行业并且性别差距正在缩小。 另外，这可能意味着女性会Swift升任其他职位吗？

How did you learn programming? 42% of developers are self-taught. The remainder had some form of education or on-the-job training. I suggest we’re all self-taught. Syntax and techniques can be demonstrated but you only learn to program by doing it.

您是如何学习编程的？ 42％的开发人员是自学成才的。 其余的人接受了某种形式的教育或在职培训。 我建议我们都是自学成才的。 可以演示语法和技术，但是您只能通过这样做来学习编程。

This is reflected in the next statistic: 70% of us spend at least two hours per week programming for a hobby or side project. The best developers love development: they’d do it even if they were working in another industry.

这反映在下一个统计数据中：70％的人每周花费至少两个小时为业余爱好或附带项目进行编程。 最好的开发人员喜欢开发：即使他们在另一个行业工作，他们也会这样做。

I have seen employment contracts stating you’re not allowed to work on other projects and all your code — whether written inside or outside of work — belongs to your employer. It’s short-sighted. Your employer benefits from your extra-curricular activities. If they can’t accept it, there are plenty who will.

我看到过雇用合同，说明不允许您从事其他项目，并且您的所有代码(无论是在工作内部还是外部编写的)都属于您的雇主。 这是近视的。 您的雇主将从您的课外活动中受益。 如果他们不能接受，那么会有很多人愿意接受。

工作 (Work)

Of the sectors we work in:

在我们从事的行业中：

• 25% is software development
  25％是软件开发

• 17% web development (I’m not sure why that differs to “software”)

  17％的网站开发(我不确定为什么与“软件”不同)

• 8% banking
  8％的银行业务
• 7% consulting
  7％的咨询
• 7% media/gaming
  7％媒体/游戏
• 5% education
  5％的教育
• 4% telecoms
  4％电信
• 3% government
  3％政府

A large 20% is “other industries”. We are fortunate that IT applies across almost every sector. I’m struggling to think of an industry which isn’t touched by technology in some way.

20％是“其他行业”。 我们很幸运，IT几乎适用于每个部门。 我正在努力思考一个没有某种方式受到技术影响的行业。

Two-thirds of people are full-time employees. 9% are freelance workers and 16% are students using Stack Overflow to cheat on their next project!

三分之二的人是全职员工。 9％是自由职业者，16％是使用Stack Overflow欺骗下一个项目的学生！

You’ll be pleased to hear we’re well paid compared to other jobs. Salaries average $99,000 in the US, $60,000 in western Europe and $25,000 in eastern Europe. When compared to the cost of living, the best place to work is … the Ukraine! Your salary will buy 22 thousand Big Macs per year. Impoverished US developers receive fewer than 19 thousand!

您会很高兴听到我们的薪水比其他工作高。 美国的平均工资为99,000美元，西欧为60,000美元，东欧为25,000美元。 与生活费用相比，最好的工作场所是……乌克兰！ 您的薪水每年将购买22,000 Big Macs。 贫困的美国开发商获得的收益不到一万九千！

29% of people work remotely at least some of the time and 50% stated it was important. If you don’t mind, be aware remote workers earn 14% more than average while office workers earn 20% less. Part of this can be explained by freelancers who receive higher hourly wages but aren’t entitled to vacations, sick leave, pensions and other perks.

29％的人至少在某些时间进行远程工作，而50％的人表示这很重要。 如果您不介意，请注意远程工作人员的收入比平均水平高14％，而办公室工作人员的收入低20％。 部分原因可以由自由职业者解释，这些自由职业者的时薪较高，但无权休假，病假，退休金和其他津贴。

Those with the highest Stack Overflow reputations earn up to 35% more. I wonder how they manage to answer so many questions and do a full-time job?!

拥有Stack Overflow声誉最高的人的收入最高可增加35％。 我想知道他们如何设法回答这么多问题并从事全职工作？

工作满意度 (Job Satisfaction)

76% of us are satisfied or love our jobs. Mobile developers living in Iran and the Netherlands are the happiest!

我们中有76％的人满意或热爱我们的工作。 居住在伊朗和荷兰的移动开发人员是最幸福的！

11% are dissatisfied or hate their job. The most miserable are product managers, data warehousing experts, graphics programmers and back-end developers. My advice: do something about it. Life is too short to do a job you hate. Your skills are in demand and there is more than enough work to go round.

11％的人不满意或讨厌他们的工作。 最惨的是产品经理，数据仓库专家，图形程序员和后端开发人员。 我的建议： 为此做些事情 。 人生苦短，无法做你讨厌的工作。 需要您的技能，并且还有很多工作要做。

技术类型 (Technology Type)

Of the respondents:

在受访者中：

• 32.4% classify themselves as full-stack developers
  32.4％将自己归类为全栈开发人员
• 10.1% back-end developers
  10.1％的后端开发人员
• 6.0% front-end
  前端6.0％
• 9.1% mobile
  9.1％移动
• 8.3% desktop
  8.3％台式机

I was a little surprised but pleased by the full-stack result. The web industry is diverging into specialisms; you can make a good living doing just content, CSS, graphic design, PHP/database or front-end JavaScript. That said, it’s difficult to work on an application if you don’t appreciate how the whole solution fits together. Most of us remain webmasters!

我有些惊讶，但对全栈结果感到满意。 网络行业正在进入专业领域。 您可以仅通过内容，CSS，图形设计，PHP /数据库或前端JavaScript来谋生。 就是说，如果您不满意整个解决方案如何组合在一起，就很难在应用程序上工作。 我们大多数人仍然是网站管理员！

On mobile:

在移动：

• 44.6% work on Android
  Android上有44.6％的作品
• 33.4% work on iOS
  在iOS上有33.4％的工作

20% didn’t specify a platform — perhaps they’re mobile web developers?

20％的人未指定平台-也许他们是移动Web开发人员？

开发语言 (Development Languages)

JavaScript is the most-used language. 55% of developers use it plus 13% use Node.js and 13% use AngularJS. Of course, JavaScript is required by nearly every web development project. Similarly, SQL is second highest with 48%. Java is the next at 37.4% followed by C# at 31.6% and PHP at 29.7%.

JavaScript是最常用的语言。 55％的开发人员使用它，另外13％的用户使用Node.js，13％的用户使用AngularJS。 当然，几乎每个Web开发项目都需要JavaScript。 同样，SQL以48％位居第二。 Java位居第二，为37.4％，其次是C＃，为31.6％，PHP为29.7％。

Most languages pay a comparable salary although PHP is typically 10% to 20% less than others? If you want the big bucks, consider moving to Ruby, C#, Objective-C or Node.js. If that’s still not enough, Apache’s Cassandra database and Spark data processing systems will earn you 50% more than average.

尽管PHP通常比其他语言便宜10％到20％，但大多数语言的薪水都差不多。 如果您想赚大钱，请考虑使用Ruby，C＃，Objective-C或Node.js。 如果这还不够，那么Apache的Cassandra数据库和Spark数据处理系统将为您带来比平均水平高50％的收入。

Just because you’re using a technology, it doesn’t follow you love it. Swift has the highest satisfaction rate although it’ll be interesting to see how that changes over time. The technologies we’re keen to learn include Android (18%), JavaScript (15%), Python (15%), Node.js (15%) and AngularJS (13%).

仅仅因为您使用的是技术，就不会跟随您喜欢它。 Swift的满意率最高，不过有趣的是随着时间的推移它会如何变化。 我们渴望学习的技术包括Android(18％)，JavaScript(15％)，Python(15％)，Node.js(15％)和AngularJS(13％)。

The technologies which make us shudder include Salesforce, Visual Basic, Perl and … WordPress. Perhaps that owes more to it’s success — WordPress powers almost one in four websites.

使我们感到震惊的技术包括Salesforce，Visual Basic，Perl和…WordPress。 也许这要归功于它的成功-WordPress支持几乎四分之一的网站。

平台类 (Platforms)

Mac OS is used by 21.5% of developers. This surprised me: attend any tech conference or geek meet-up and the majority have a Mac. Or are they more eager to show them off?!

Mac OS被21.5％的开发人员使用。 这让我感到惊讶：参加任何技术会议或极客聚会，大多数人使用Mac。 还是他们更渴望炫耀他们？

While you see fewer of them in the wild, many more developers use Windows. 34% are on version 7 and 19% are on version 8. Another 20.5% use Linux and more than half opt for Ubuntu — a considerable achievement.

尽管您很少看到它们，但是更多的开发人员使用Windows。 版本7和版本8分别占34％和19％。另有20.5％的用户使用Linux，一半以上的人选择Ubuntu，这是一个了不起的成就。

Notepad++ is the most popular editor with 35% of respondents using it. Sublime Text has a respectable 25% followed by Vim at 15% and Emacs at 3.8%. That said, the choice of editor often depends on the role; desktop developers opt for Notepad++ while Sublime Text is preferred by front-end developers.

Notepad ++是最受欢迎的编辑器，有35％的受访者使用它。 Sublime Text占25％，其次是Vim(占15％)和Emacs(占3.8％)。 也就是说，编辑者的选择通常取决于角色。 桌面开发人员选择Notepad ++，而前端开发人员则首选Sublime Text。

52.5% of respondents and the majority of front-end coders prefer a dark theme. A light theme is the choice for 40% of respondents and desktop coders. Mobile developers have no significant preference.

52.5％的受访者和大多数前端编码人员喜欢深色主题。 轻主题是40％的受访者和桌面编码人员的选择。 移动开发人员没有明显的偏好。

有争议的统计 (Controversial Statistics)

The holy tabs vs spaces war has been won by tabs with a 45% to 34% margin. Some developers use both. 5% didn’t understand the question — or had more interesting things to do with their life!

标签页与空格之战由标签页赢得了45％至34％的利润。 一些开发人员会同时使用。 5％的人不明白这个问题， 或者与他们的生活有更多有趣的事情！

A healthy 70% of developers use Git. 37% use SVN. But a worrying 9.3% don’t bother with any source control. Ouch.

健康的开发人员中有70％使用Git。 37％使用SVN。 但是令人担忧的9.3％不会打扰任何源代码控制。 哎哟。

Finally, we drink two to three cups of caffeine-powered beverage per day. Really?

最后，我们每天喝两到三杯咖啡因饮料。 真？

Do you match the Stack Overflow survey profile? Do you agree with the results? Why do you think PHP developers accept lower salaries? Are you drinking two cups of coffee before you even start work?

您是否匹配“堆栈溢出”调查配置文件？ 您是否同意结果？ 您为什么认为PHP开发人员会接受较低的薪水？ 在开始工作之前，您是否正在喝两杯咖啡？

翻译自: https://www.sitepoint.com/2015-stack-overflow-developer-survey/