所有新的家庭服务器用户应具备的6件事

Whether you’re running a Plex media server, virtual machines galore, or just maintaining your own cloud storage system, there are a handful of things aspiring home server aficionados should have in their arsenal.

无论您是运行Plex媒体服务器 ，丰盛的虚拟机 ，还是只是维护自己的云存储系统，都有很多渴望家用服务器爱好者在他们的仓库中拥有的东西。

RAID计算器 (RAID Calculator)

If you’re going to have a small handful of hard drives in your server, then it’s not too difficult to decide which RAID setup you should go with. However, once you start adding in more disks, it’s a good idea to experiment with different RAID setups on paper before officially rebuilding your array.

如果您的服务器中将有少量硬盘，那么决定应该使用哪种RAID设置并不是很困难。 但是，一旦开始添加更多磁盘，在正式重建阵列之前，在纸上尝试不同的RAID设置是一个好主意。

For this, RAID Calculator is a super simple, yet very helpful tool. You just enter the number of disks you have, the size of the disks (individually), and then what type of RAID setup you’re thinking about using. From there, you’ll get an overview of how much storage space you’ll get to work with, the performance of the array, and its fault tolerance.

为此， RAID计算器是一个超级简单但非常有用的工具。 您只需输入所拥有的磁盘数量，磁盘大小(分别)，然后输入您正在考虑使用的RAID设置类型。 从那里，您将获得有关要使用多少存储空间，阵列的性能及其容错能力的概述。

硬盘坞站 (A Hard Drive Docking Station)

Upgrading to new hard drives and getting rid of old ones? Just need to run some tests on a problematic hard drive? A hard drive docking station is handy to have in these situations.

升级到新硬盘并摆脱旧硬盘？ 只需要在有问题的硬盘上运行一些测试？ 在这些情况下， 硬盘驱动器扩展坞非常方便。

It essentially acts as an external hard drive of sorts, but you can quickly plug any internal hard drive into it and fire it up on any computer. I use it for wiping old hard drives I want to get rid of, as well as diagnosing possible issues with drives in an isolated environment that eliminates other factors. They’re cheap enough that even if you wouldn’t use it often, it’s great to have when you actually do need it.

它本质上可以充当各种外部硬盘驱动器，但是您可以快速将任何内部硬盘驱动器插入其中并在任何计算机上启动它。 我用它擦拭我想摆脱的旧硬盘，以及在孤立的环境中诊断驱动器可能出现的问题，从而消除了其他因素。 它们足够便宜，即使您不经常使用它，当您真正需要它时也很高兴。

随时准备出发的备用驱动器 (A Spare Drive Always Ready to Go)

When you have a row of hard drives working 24/7, one of them is bound to crap out at some point—that’s what your RAID setup is for, after all. But aside from that, it’s always a good idea to have a spare hard drive at the ready.

当您有一排全天候工作的硬盘驱动器时，其中之一肯定会在某个时候被淘汰 —毕竟这就是RAID设置的目的。 但是除此之外，随时准备备用硬盘总是一个好主意。

Instead of waiting for a hard drive to fail and not being ready for it, it’s best to have a spare hard drive in place and ready to take over so that you can begin to rebuild the array ASAP, rather than having to buy a new disk and wait for it to arrive on your front porch. Most server operating systems let you plug in a spare drive but keep it separate from everything else. And then when you need it, you can easily bring it into the fold.

与其等待硬盘驱动器发生故障而不准备就绪，不如准备好备用硬盘驱动器并准备好进行接管，以便您可以尽快重建阵列，而不必购买新磁盘。然后等待它到达您的前廊。 大多数服务器操作系统都允许您插入备用驱动器，但要使其与其他驱动器分开。 然后，当您需要它时，可以轻松地将它折叠起来。

It’s always tempting to use that extra storage that you have just sitting there, but you’ll thank yourself later when one of your drives inevitably calls it quits.

总是很想使用刚坐在那里的额外存储，但是稍后当其中一个驱动器不可避免地调用它退出时，您将感激不尽。

以太网压接技能 (Ethernet Crimping Skills)

Having a home server involves running Ethernet cable every which way. You could just buy Ethernet cables in the specific lengths you need them in, but you save a lot of money if you make your own Ethernet cables instead.

拥有家庭服务器需要以各种方式运行以太网电缆。 您只需要购买所需长度的以太网电缆即可，但是如果您自己制造以太网电缆 ，则可以节省很多钱。

You can get a 1,000-foot spool of Ethernet cable for around $60, which should last you quite a while. Of course, you’ll also need to spend a bit more money for the plugs and some tools to crimp the cables, but you’ll still come out way ahead.

您可以以60美元左右的价格获得1,000英尺的以太网线轴 ，这将使您花费相当长的一段时间。 当然，您还需要花更多的钱购买插头和一些用于压接电缆的工具，但您仍将继续前进。

Plus, crimping your own ethernet cables allows you to make them at just the lengths you need, which can help make things look tidy and clean in your home server setup.

另外，通过压接自己的以太网电缆，可以按照需要的长度制作电缆，这有助于使家庭服务器设置中的内容看起来整洁。

各种命令行工具 (Various Command Line Tools)

Some home server operating systems are pretty easy to use, even for beginners. But you’ll undoubtedly use the command line at some point, and there are some really great command line tools that are worth using.

即使对于初学者，某些家庭服务器操作系统也非常易于使用。 但是，毫无疑问，您将在某个时候使用命令行，并且有一些非常有用的命令行工具值得使用。

If you’re at all a data hoarder, then you’ll love using Wget, which is a command line-based downloading tool. You can use it to download a single file or an entire website and all of its assets, all with a simple command.

如果您只是一个数据ho积者，那么您会喜欢使用Wget ，它是基于命令行的下载工具。 您可以使用它来下载单个文件或整个网站及其所有资产，只需简单的命令即可。

There’s also iPerf and Speedtest-cli. The former can test your local network’s read and write speeds, while the former can test your internet connection. Both are useful when you need your home server to perform in tip-top shape at all times.

还有iPerf和Speedtest-cli 。 前者可以测试本地网络的读写速度，而前者可以测试您的Internet连接。 当您需要家庭服务器始终保持最佳状态时，两者都非常有用。

备份您的数据！ (Back Up Your Data!)

Ok, this one’s not so much a thing you should have available, but a thing you should do. But really, back up your data. This is common knowledge, but it’s real easy to do all kinds of stupid stuff and experiment with new things on your server as you go through the learning process—you never know if you’ll end up accidentally messing things up and need to start from scratch.

好的，这不是您应该拥有的，而是您应该做的。 但实际上，备份您的数据。 这是常识，但是在学习过程中，做各种愚蠢的事情并在服务器上尝试新事物真的很容易，因为您永远不知道自己是否最终会不小心弄乱东西，需要从头开始。刮。

And no, your RAID setup is not a backup. It’s only there if a hard drive ever fails. Instead, back up everything to a separate, isolated hard drive that can be stored in a safe location, preferably offsite.

不，您的RAID设置不是备份 。 只有在硬盘发生故障时才存在。 而是将所有内容备份到一个单独的隔离的硬盘驱动器中，该硬盘驱动器可以存储在安全的位置，最好是异地。

Image from Shutterstock

图片来自Shutterstock

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/342466/6-things-all-new-home-server-users-should-have/