如何恢复已删除的文件：终极指南

It’s happened to most of us. You delete a file, and then realize you need it back. This guide explains when you can get that file back and how to go about it.

这对我们大多数人都发生了。 您删除一个文件，然后意识到您需要它。 本指南说明何时可以取回该文件以及如何处理该文件。

We’ve covered a variety of tools for recovering deleted files in the past, but this guide goes more in-depth. We’ll cover everything you need to know if you want to successfully recover deleted files.

过去，我们介绍了许多用于恢复已删除文件的工具 ，但本指南会做得更深入。 如果您要成功恢复已删除的文件，我们将介绍您所需要知道的一切。

文件真的被删除了吗？ (Is the File Really Deleted?)

If you’re not sure whether you permanently deleted a file, be sure to look around for it first. Try performing a search in File Explorer. Hopefully, you just misplaced the file and you can find it again.

如果不确定是否永久删除了文件，请确保先查看一下文件。 尝试在文件资源管理器中执行搜索。 希望您只是放错了文件，然后可以再次找到它。

In Windows, take a peek in the Recycle Bin. You can search the Recycle Bin using the search box at the top-right corner of the window, which may help if you have a lot of files in there.

在Windows中，浏览回收站。 您可以使用窗口右上角的搜索框搜索回收站，如果其中有很多文件，这可能会有所帮助。

You can also right-click in the Recycle Bin window, and then choose Sort By > Date Deleted to more easily view recently deleted files.

您也可以在“回收站”窗口中右键单击，然后选择“排序依据”>“删除日期”，以更轻松地查看最近删除的文件。

Note: By default, programs like CCleaner empty your Recycle Bin when you run them, so having CCleaner or a similar program automatically run in the background can prevent you from recovering files from the Recycle Bin. CCleaner—and similar apps—do let you disable cleaning the Reycle Bin, so that may be an option worth exploring if you like to hang on to deleted files until you’re ready for them to go.

注意：默认情况下，CCleaner之类的程序在运行时会清空回收站，因此让CCleaner或类似程序在后台自动运行会阻止您从回收站中恢复文件。 CCleaner和类似的应用程序可让您禁用对Reycle Bin的清理，因此，如果您想一直挂着已删除的文件，直到准备好要删除文件时，这可能是值得探索的选项。

If your file was stored in a cloud storage service like Dropbox, Google Drive, or OneDrive, be sure to log into your account on the service’s website and check your deleted files there—you may find the file is still recoverable. This is the cloud storage version of the Recycle Bin.

如果您的文件存储在Dropbox，Google Drive或OneDrive等云存储服务中，请确保登录该服务网站上的帐户并在其中检查已删除的文件-您可能会发现该文件仍可恢复。 这是回收站的云存储版本。

检查您的备份 (Check Your Backups)

You should be making regular backups of your most important files so you won’t lose too much critical data if your files ever vanish on you. If you do have a backup, now’s the time to check it for a copy of the file you deleted. And if you don’t have a backup, you really should. Windows has some good backup tools built in. In particular, Windows’ File History tool is useful for easily recovering deleted files and older versions of files, but it’s not enabled by default.

您应该对最重要的文件进行定期备份，这样，如果文件消失在文件上，就不会丢失过多的关键数据。 如果您有备份，现在是时候检查它是否删除了文件的副本。 而且，如果您没有备份，则应该这样做。 Windows内置了一些良好的备份工具 。特别是Windows的“ 文件历史记录”工具可用于轻松恢复已删除的文件和较旧版本的文件，但默认情况下未启用。

磁性硬盘驱动器与固态驱动器 (Magnetic Hard Drives vs. Solid-state Drives)

If you’ve made it this far and haven’t managed to restore your file yet, the only way you’re getting that file back is with file-recovery software. However, there’s some bad news: This may be impossible on some computers.

如果到目前为止，还没有设法还原文件，那么取回该文件的唯一方法就是使用文件恢复软件。 但是，有一个坏消息：在某些计算机上这可能是不可能的。

Traditional magnetic hard drives and solid-state drives work differently. When you delete a file on a magnetic hard drive, its data isn’t immediately erased from the disk. Instead, the pointer to that data is removed, so that the data can be overwritten. It may be possible to scan the hard drive for leftover data and restore deleted files that haven’t yet been overwritten.

传统的磁性硬盘驱动器和固态驱动器的工作方式不同。 当您删除磁性硬盘驱动器上的文件时， 不会立即从磁盘上删除其数据 。 相反，将删除指向该数据的指针，以便可以覆盖该数据。 可能会扫描硬盘驱动器以查找剩余数据，并还原尚未被覆盖的已删除文件。

When a file is deleted from a solid-state drive, that file is immediately erased with the TRIM command to free up the space, and ensure the SSD can be quickly written to in the future. That means that you can’t recover data deleted from solid-state drives—once it’s gone, it’s gone. Very old solid-state drives and old operating systems like Windows Vista don’t support TRIM, but modern solid-state drives and Windows 7 through 10 all support TRIM.

从固态驱动器中删除文件后，立即使用TRIM命令删除该文件以释放空间，并确保以后可以快速写入SSD。 这意味着您无法恢复从固态驱动器删除的数据，一旦丢失，它就消失了。 很老的固态驱动器和旧的操作系统(例如Windows Vista)不支持TRIM，但是现代的固态驱动器和Windows 7至10都支持TRIM。

恢复已删除文件的最安全方法 (The Safest Way to Recover a Deleted File)

If you deleted a file on a magnetic hard drive and you’re still using that computer, the safest thing to do is shut down the computer immediately. If you continue using the computer—even if you’re just installing file-recovery software—it’s possible that a program on your computer could write data that overwrites the deleted file’s data on your hard drive.

如果您删除了磁性硬盘驱动器上的文件，而您仍在使用该计算机，那么最安全的方法就是立即关闭计算机。 如果您继续使用计算机(即使您只是在安装文件恢复软件)，则计算机上的程序可能会写入数据，从而覆盖硬盘驱动器上已删除文件的数据。

With the computer shut down, you should boot from a file-recovery live CD or USB drive, or remove the hard drive from the computer entirely and place it in another computer as a secondary drive. The key is to avoid writing to the drive entirely. Use file-recovery software to scan the drive, and hopefully you’ll find the deleted file. If you deleted the file recently and haven’t written to the drive much, you have a fairly good chance of recovering it. If you deleted the file two weeks ago, and have written to the drive quite a bit, it’s very unlikely that you’ll recover the file.

关闭计算机后，应从文件恢复活动CD或USB驱动器启动，或从计算机上完全卸下硬盘驱动器，然后将其作为辅助驱动器放置在另一台计算机中。 关键是要避免完全写入驱动器。 使用文件恢复软件扫描驱动器，希望您会找到已删除的文件。 如果您最近删除了该文件并且没有将太多内容写入驱动器，则很有可能会恢复它。 如果您在两周前删除了该文件，并且已经相当多次写入驱动器，则恢复该文件的可能性很小。

We’ve covered using the ntfsundelete and photorec tools to do this from a Ubuntu live CD or USB drive.

我们已经使用了覆盖ntfsundelete和photorec工具从Ubuntu的实况CD或USB驱动器做到这一点。

恢复已删除文件的更快，风险更高的方法 (The Quicker, Riskier Way to Recover a Deleted File)

If you’d like to get a deleted file back, but the file isn’t extremely important and you don’t want to go to much additional effort, there is an easier, riskier way than using a live CD. Just install a file-recovery tool like Recuva, from the makers of the popular CCleaner application. Use that application to scan your hard drive for deleted files and restore the one you want back, if you can find it.

如果您想找回已删除的文件，但是该文件不是非常重要，并且您不想付出额外的努力，则比使用实时CD更加简便，风险更高。 只需从流行的CCleaner应用程序制造商那里安装Recuva这样的文件恢复工具即可。 如果可以找到该文件，请使用该应用程序扫描硬盘驱动器中是否有已删除的文件，然后还原要还原的文件。

This method is riskier because it involves writing to the drive. When you install a tool like Recuva on the drive, it’s possible that you could overwrite the deleted file’s data with the Recuva program data. It’s also possible that other programs running in the background could write to disk and overwrite the data. All it takes is for a portion of the file to be overwritten, and the file may become completely corrupt.

此方法比较危险，因为它涉及写入驱动器。 在驱动器上安装诸如Recuva之类的工具时，可能会用Recuva程序数据覆盖已删除文件的数据。 在后台运行的其他程序也可能会写入磁盘并覆盖数据。 要做的只是覆盖文件的一部分，文件可能会完全损坏。

专业数据恢复 (Professional Data Recovery)

If the data is particularly critical, you don’t have any backups, and you failed to recover the data using other methods, you might want to consider a professional data recovery service. First things first, though: power off the computer immediately if it’s not already off. The longer the computer runs, the more data will be written to its hard drive and the less chance you’ll have of recovering your data.

如果数据特别重要，您没有任何备份，并且使用其他方法无法恢复数据，则可能需要考虑使用专业的数据恢复服务。 不过，首先要注意的是：如果尚未关闭计算机，请立即关闭计算机电源。 计算机运行的时间越长，将有更多的数据写入其硬盘驱动器，恢复数据的机会就越少。

Professional data recovery services deal with everything from deleted and overwritten files to dying hard drives that need to be disassembled and repaired. These services can be extremely pricey, costing hundreds or even thousands of dollars, so they’re not the ideal solution. However, if you have extremely important data that you can’t recover or replace and you’re willing to pay up, this is an option available to you. Of course, these services can’t guarantee anything—they may be unable to recover your data. They’ll also probably charge you for their work even if they ultimately can’t recover your data.

专业的数据恢复服务处理从删除和覆盖的文件到需要拆卸和修复的濒死硬盘的所有事务。 这些服务可能非常昂贵，花费数百甚至数千美元，因此它们不是理想的解决方案。 但是，如果您有无法恢复或替换的非常重要的数据，并且愿意支付，则可以使用此选项。 当然，这些服务不能保证任何事情，它们可能无法恢复您的数据。 即使他们最终无法恢复您的数据，他们也可能会向您收取工作费用。

避免删除文件的恐惧 (Avoiding Deleted File Scares)

The best way to ensure you’ll never have to recover a deleted file is to perform regular backups. Even just enabling the File History or Windows Backup functionality in your version of Windows will give you some peace of mind. It’s still possible for a file to be deleted, but if you’re performing regular backups, you won’t lose much data. You’ll have much more luck restoring backups than recovering deleted files. Backup services are cheaper than professional data recovery services, too.

确保您永远不必恢复已删除文件的最佳方法是执行常规备份 。 即使仅在Windows版本中启用文件历史记录或Windows备份功能，也可以让您放心。 仍然可以删除文件，但是如果执行常规备份，则不会丢失太多数据。 与恢复已删除的文件相比，恢复备份的运气要好得多。 备份服务也比专业数据恢复服务便宜。

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Deleted files aren’t necessarily gone forever, but they’re not always easy to recover. As solid-state drives are used in more and more new computers, proper backup procedures are becoming even more important.

删除的文件不一定永远消失，但并非总是很容易恢复。 随着越来越多的新计算机中使用固态驱动器，正确的备份过程变得越来越重要。

Image Credit: Simon Wüllhorst on Flickr, Matt Rudge on Flickr

图片来源： Flickr 上的 SimonWüllhorst，Flickr上的 Matt Rudge

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/169344/how-to-recover-a-deleted-file-the-ultimate-guide/