计算机组成原理实验 ram_从理论上讲，您可以在64位计算机中放置的RAM最大数量是多少？

计算机组成原理实验 ram

Most people upgrade from 32-bit computing to 64-bit computing to blow through the 4GB RAM limit, but how far can you blow through that limit once you’ve entered into the realm of 64-bit computers?

大多数人从32位计算升级到64位计算以突破4GB RAM限制，但是一旦进入64位计算机领域，您可以突破该限制多远 ？

Today’s Question & Answer session comes to us courtesy of SuperUser—a subdivision of Stack Exchange, a community-driven grouping of Q&A web sites. Image by Petr Kratochvil.

今天的“问答”环节由SuperUser提供，它是Stack Exchange的一个分支，该社区是由社区驱动的Q＆A网站分组。 图片由Petr Kratochvil提供 。

问题 (The Question)

SuperUser reader KingNestor is curious about how much RAM a 64-bit computer can hold:

超级用户阅读器KingNestor对64位计算机可以容纳多少RAM感到好奇：

I’m reading through my computer architecture book and I see that in an x86, 32bit CPU, the program counter is 32 bit.

我正在阅读我的计算机体系结构书，发现在x86、32位CPU中，程序计数器是32位。

So, the number of bytes it can address is 2^32 bytes, or 4GB. So it makes sense to me that most 32 bit machines limit the amount of ram to 4gb (ignoring PAE).

因此，它可以寻址的字节数为2 ^ 32字节，即4GB。 因此，对我而言，大多数32位计算机将ram的数量限制为4gb(忽略PAE)是有意义的。

Am I right in assuming that a 64bit machine could theoretically address 2^64 bytes, or 16 exabytes of ram?!

我是否可以假设64位计算机理论上可以寻址2 ^ 64字节或16 艾字节的RAM？

Exabytes you say? Now, now, lets’ not be greedy. We’d be happy to start with a terabyte or two.

你说的埃字节？ 现在，现在，让我们不要贪婪。 我们很乐意以TB或2 TB开头。

答案 (The Answer)

The answers to KingNestor’s inquiry are an interesting blend of practical and theoretical considerations. Matt Ball jumps right in with the theoretical answer:

KingNestor的询问的答案是实践和理论考虑的有趣混合。 马特·鲍尔(Matt Ball)跳入理论答案：

Theoretically: 16.8 million terabytes. In practice: your computer case is a little too small to fit all that RAM.

理论上：1680万兆兆字节。 实际上：您的计算机机箱太小，无法容纳所有RAM。

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/64-bit#Limitations_of_practical_processors

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/64-bit#Limitations_of_practical_processors

Conrad Dean jumps in with a note about how entirely impractical it would be to max out the theoretical RAM limit using today’s technology:

康拉德·迪恩(Conrad Dean)谈到了使用当今技术最大化理论RAM限制是完全不切实际的：

To supplement Matt Ball’s answer, the current largest stick of RAM I can find on one particular online retailer is 32GB. It would take 32 of these to reach 1 terabyte. At about a half inch per stick this brings us to a devoted 16 inches of space on your motherboard for a terabyte of commercial ram. To reach 16.8 million terabytes would require a motherboard 4,242.42 miles. The distance from LA to NYC is about 2141 miles, so the motherboard would stretch across the country and back to accomodate that much RAM.

为了补充马特·鲍尔的答案，我可以在某个特定的在线零售商上找到的最大RAM是32GB。 其中的32个达到1 TB。 每根棍子大约半英寸，这使我们可以在主板上留出16英寸的空间，用于存储TB级的商用内存。 要达到1680万TB，需要主板4,242.42英里。 从洛杉矶到纽约的距离约为2141英里，因此该主板将在全国范围内延伸并容纳足够的RAM。

Clearly this is impractical.

显然，这是不切实际的。

How about we didn’t put our RAM all in one row like on most motherboards, but instead placed them side-by-side. I want to say the average stick of ram is about six inches long, so if we allow a half an inch for width, you can have a square unit of 12 sticks of ram in a 6 inch square. Let’s call this square a RAM-tile. A RAM-tile then holds 384GB of RAM. To reach the required 16.8 million terabytes in 384GB tiles would take 44.8 million tiles. Let’s be messy, and use square root of that to conclude that this will fit in a square of 6693 by 6694 tiles, or 13,386 by 13,388 feet, which is close enough to 2.5 feet squared, enough to cover downtown Seattle in shadow, as if they didn’t already have enough to complain about.

我们如何不像大多数主板那样将RAM全部排成一排，而是将它们并排放置。 我想说的是，公羊的平均杆长约为6英寸，因此，如果我们允许半英寸的宽度，则可以在6英寸的正方形中使用12根公羊的方形单位。 我们称这个正方形为RAM-tile。 然后，一个RAM块将容纳384GB的RAM。 要在384GB的磁贴中达到所需的1680万兆兆字节，则需要4480万磁贴。 让我们杂乱无章，并使用其平方根得出结论，这将适合于6693 x 6694瓷砖或13386 x 13388英尺的正方形，其足够接近2.5平方英尺，足以覆盖阴影中的西雅图市中心，就像他们还没有足够的抱怨。

Finally, David Schwartz notes that even the theoretical limit gets bogged down by current CPU architecture:

最后，David Schwartz指出，即使当前的CPU体系结构也无法达到理论极限：

Note that no existing x86 64-bit processor can actually do this. Their caches don’t have enough tag bits, their address buses don’t have enough width, and so on. 46-bits (8TB) is the maximum for many modern x86 CPUs.

请注意，没有现有的x86 64位处理器可以实际执行此操作。 他们的缓存没有足够的标签位，他们的地址总线没有足够的宽度，依此类推。 对于许多现代x86 CPU，最大为46位(8TB)。

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Have something to add to the explanation? Sound off in the the comments. Want to read more answers from other tech-savvy Stack Exchange users? Check out the full discussion thread here.

有什么补充说明吗？ 在评论中听起来不对。 是否想从其他精通Stack Exchange的用户那里获得更多答案？ 在此处查看完整的讨论线程 。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/175443/what-is-the-maximum-amount-of-ram-you-could-theoretically-put-in-a-64-bit-computer/

计算机组成原理实验 ram