如何使用EXIF数据向摄影大师学习

There’s a hidden advantage to digital photography, and it’s called Exif. See what it is, how it can help you, and how you can use it to learn from skilled photographers all over the internet.

数码摄影有一个隐藏的优势，称为Exif。 看看它是什么，它如何为您提供帮助，以及如何使用它向互联网上熟练的摄影师学习。

Exif can be like a textbook full of how tos for the resourceful photo geek. Keep reading to see where you can find the Exif data, and learn the secrets of the masters.

Exif可以像是一本教科书，里面充斥着如何为足智多谋的摄影爱好者准备的东西。 继续阅读以了解在哪里可以找到Exif数据，并了解掌握者的秘密。

什么是Exif？ (What is Exif?)

Exif is an acronym representing “Exchangeable Image File Format.” In photography, it is a kind of metadata that is usually created when a photograph is exposed and written to disk. “Metadata,” in this case, means information about the images taken. Modern digital cameras (cellphone cameras, too!) can sense all sorts of data when you take pictures. For example, it will usually include the shutter speed, ISO, and aperture settings, as well as information on the kind of lens used, the brand of camera, the location the pictures were taken (geo-tagging), and even the author of the images.

Exif是代表“可交换图像文件格式”的首字母缩写。 在摄影中，它是一种通常在照片曝光并写入磁盘后创建的元数据。 在这种情况下，“元数据”表示有关所拍摄图像的信息。 现代数码相机(也有手机相机！)在拍照时可以感应各种数据。 例如，它通常包括快门速度，ISO和光圈设置，以及有关所用镜头类型，相机品牌，照片拍摄位置(地理标记)的信息，甚至包括图片。

Exif is not perfectly standardized. Images often have gaps, missing values for some items which can never be recovered. Certain older photo editing programs can also clumsily strip out Exif when saving, although nearly any modern program for editing photos should read and preserve Exif in images.

Exif尚未完全标准化。 图像通常存在空白，某些项目的价值缺失，这些价值将永远无法恢复。 某些较旧的照片编辑程序在保存时也可能笨拙地删除Exif，尽管几乎所有用于编辑照片的现代程序都应读取并保存图像中的Exif。

我该如何阅读？ (How Can I Read It?)

Unless you know about the Exif data in your images, you might be surprised to find out that the websites you upload photographs to seem to know more about your photographs than you do. There are a number of ways to get at the image metadata, and learn about the images on your machine. Here are a few:

除非您知道图像中的Exif数据，否则您可能会惊讶地发现，上传照片的网站似乎比您更了解照片。 有很多方法可以获取图像元数据，并了解计算机上的图像。 这里有一些：

Adobe Bridge: Bridge, a program free with Photoshop, has built in Exif reading, and is a fine resource for photographers.

Adobe Bridge ：Bridge是Photoshop附带的免费程序，已内置Exif阅读功能，对于摄影师来说是很好的资源。

Adobe Lightroom: Lightroom is possibly even better for photographers than Photoshop, and also handily reads Exif.

Adobe Lightroom ：Lightroom对摄影师而言可能比Photoshop更好，并且可以方便地阅读Exif。

Windows 7: Exif is becoming so common that operating systems can read the data right out of the box. Right click an image file on your computer, choose “Properties,” then pick the “Details” tab for a wealth of Exif.

Windows 7 ：Exif变得如此普遍，以至于操作系统可以立即读取数据。 右键单击计算机上的图像文件，选择“属性”，然后选择“详细信息”选项卡以获取大量的Exif。

Mac OS X: Mac OS will also give you some of the more important Exif right out of the box. Simply select an image and press Cmd + I to “Get Info.” You’ll find Exif under the “More Info” tab.

Mac OS X ：Mac OS还将立即为您提供一些更重要的Exif。 只需选择一张图像，然后按Cmd + I即可“获取信息”。 您会在“更多信息”标签下找到Exif。

Free Software: Shareware Exif Viewer for Windows and Simple Exif Viewer for OS X are programs that provide full Exif data for free. Simple Exif for OS X in particular is useful, as OS X doesn’t provide full Exif detail out of the box.

免费软件 ：共享软件的Exif浏览器的Windows，并简单的Exif浏览器为OS X是免费提供完整的Exif数据中的程序。 特别是对于OS X的简单Exif很有用，因为OS X并没有提供完整的Exif详细信息。

我可以从中学到什么？ (What Can I Learn From It?)

One of the interesting things about Exif is that it often persists after uploading photographs and then downloading them again. Download interesting photographs from Flickr, DeviantArt, or pro photo site 500px, and data will most likely remain intact. The Exif will tell you what the photographer has used to achieve the image and give you some idea what it takes to put together a gorgeous photograph.

关于Exif的有趣事情之一是，它通常在上传照片然后再次下载后仍然存在。 从Flickr ， DeviantArt或专业照片网站500px下载有趣的照片，数据很可能保持不变。 Exif会告诉您摄影师用来获得图像的方式，并告诉您如何整理出精美的照片。

We can learn a lot from this Exif. Here’s some of what we can gleam from this data:

我们可以从此Exif中学到很多东西。 以下是我们可以从这些数据中获取的一些信息：

• The photographer uses a Canon camera, model number EOS 60D. If you are in the market for a new camera, check the Exif of photographers you like. If you find lots of great pictures taken by one brand or model of camera, buy it! It’s like a personal recommendation, only better!
  摄影师使用型号为EOS 60D的佳能相机。 如果您打算在市场上购买新相机，请检查您喜欢的摄影师的Exif。 如果您发现许多由一个品牌或型号的相机拍摄的精美照片，请购买！ 这就像个人推荐，只有更好！
• This photo was taken using an 85mm lens with a Max Aperture of f/1.75 (this could be called functionally f/1.8).
  这张照片是使用最大光圈为f / 1.75(在功能上可以称为f / 1.8)的85mm镜头拍摄的。
• This means it is a sort of medium telephoto lens (helps to blur the background) that allows in quite a bit of light.
  这意味着它是一种中型远摄镜头(有助于模糊背景)，可允许大量光线进入。

• This lens seems functionally similar to this Canon lens.

  该镜头在功能上似乎与佳能镜头相似。

• A quick shutter speed was used in combination of a wide open aperture setting to create depth of field.
  快速快门速度与大光圈设置结合使用可创建景深。

• The photographer wanted a blurred background, so a wide open aperture reduces depth of field, allowing for nice blur behind the subject.

  摄影师想要模糊的背景，因此较大的光圈可减小景深，从而使被摄对象后方出现很好的模糊。

• As this aperture setting allows in lots of light, a quick shutter speed and medium-fast ISO setting were both used to compensate, giving the image the proper exposure.
  由于此光圈设置允许大量光线，因此使用了快快门速度和中等快ISO设置来进行补偿，从而为图像提供了适当的曝光。
• The faster ISO setting of 640 also created some grain texture in the image. Judging from the textured nature of the image, this seems intentional.
  更快的ISO设置640也可以在图像中创建一些纹理。 从图像的纹理性质来看，这似乎是有意的。

Obviously, it takes some knowledge of photography to gleam that much information from an Exif. But if you want to take similar pictures, you’re given a sort of blueprint of the settings you can use—real world usage, with an artistic result. Let’s take a look at one more.

显然，需要掌握一些摄影方面的知识，才能从Exif中获取大量信息。 但是，如果您想拍摄类似的照片，则会获得一种可以使用的设置的蓝图-实际使用情况，并具有艺术效果。 让我们再看一看。

You can learn a world of interesting facts from Exif, although there are sometimes disappointing gaps. The Exif has no information on whether or not the image has been edited after shooting, which would have been good to know, if you hoped to replicate this effect. Let’s take a look at our data and see what we can learn from this photo.

尽管有时会有令人失望的差距，但您可以从Exif学习很多有趣的事实。 Exif没有有关拍摄后是否对图像进行过编辑的信息，如果您希望复制这种效果，那将是很好的了解。 让我们看看我们的数据，看看我们可以从这张照片中学到什么。

• This photographer is a Nikon user, shooting with the D90.
  该摄影师是尼康用户，使用D90拍摄。
• The aperture is stopped down from the max opening of f/3.8 to f/13.
  光圈从最大光圈f / 3.8降低到f / 13。
• One reason is that the photographer is controlling light primarily with the aperture, preferring create an image with a long exposure of 30 seconds.
  原因之一是摄影师主要通过光圈控制光线，而更喜欢创建30秒长时间曝光的图像。
• A highly stopped down aperture also increases depth of field, allowing for good detail in a cityscape image.
  高度停止的光圈也会增加景深，从而使城市景观图像具有良好的细节。
• With an exposure of 30 seconds, this photographer was undoubtedly using a tripod.
  曝光30秒后，这位摄影师无疑是在使用三脚架。
• A focal length of 21mm means this shot was made using a wide angle lens, likely to capture a wider, more panoramic image.
  21mm的焦距意味着该镜头是使用广角镜拍摄的，可能会捕获到更宽，更全景的图像。
• A wide angle lens also creates a greater feel of depth compared to a normal or telephoto lens—distant objects feel further away.
  与普通或远摄镜头相比，广角镜头还具有更大的深度感-远处的物体感觉更远。

• While it still technically qualifies as a wide angle lens, the focal length for the 35mm film format is a 31mm focal length. Most digital SLR cameras are in the 35mm format—this means they take pictures similar to common film cameras.

  虽然在技术上仍可以用作广角镜，但35毫米胶片格式的焦距为31毫米焦距。 大多数数码单反相机采用35mm 格式 -这意味着它们拍摄的照片与普通胶卷相机相似。

If you’ve been reading up on Photography with How-To Geek, you should have a lot of the information you’ll need to make some of these judgements. If a lot of this information confuses you (Author’s note: I don’t blame you, it’s a lot to absorb…) at the very least, you can see the settings your favorite photographers use and replicate them, or check up on yourself, and learn to use manual settings better by copying what your auto shot picks for you.

如果您一直在阅读“ How-To Geek摄影”一书 ，那么您应该掌握很多信息，以便做出一些判断。 如果至少有很多此类信息使您感到困惑( 作者注：我不怪您，要吸收很多…… )，您可以看到自己喜欢的摄影师使用的设置并进行复制，或者亲自检查一下，并通过复制自动拍摄的选择来学习更好地使用手动设置。

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Image Credits: Canon EOS 5D Mark II by Nick Wheeler, Creative Commons. Lightroom by Olympus Photography by Mássimo, Creative Commons. I Dream to Live by Khaled AlMekhyal, assumed fair use. New York in Las Vegas by Werner Kunz, Creative Commons.

图片来源：佳能EOS 5D Mark II的 尼克·惠勒 ， 知识共享。 奥林巴斯的 Lightroom 摄影：马斯莫(Mássimo)摄影 ， 创用CC 。 假设合理使用， 由 Khaled AlMekhyal撰写的《 我梦想生活》 。 Werner Kunz 在纽约拉斯维加斯的纽约 ， 创用CCs 。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/68085/how-to-use-exif-data-to-learn-from-master-photographers/