mkfs 快速格式_快速格式和完整格式之间有什么区别？

mkfs 快速格式

Both types of formatting will get you on your way to setting up a new operating system, but is one version of formatting preferable to, or better than, the other? What is the difference between the two? We explore the answer to those questions in today’s SuperUser Q&A post.

两种格式都可以帮助您建立新的操作系统，但是一种格式优于另一种格式还是更好？ 两者有什么区别？ 我们将在今天的SuperUser Q＆A帖子中探讨这些问题的答案。

Today’s Question & Answer session comes to us courtesy of SuperUser—a subdivision of Stack Exchange, a community-driven grouping of Q&A web sites.

今天的“问答”环节由SuperUser提供，它是Stack Exchange的一个分支，该社区是由社区驱动的Q＆A网站分组。

Image shown above courtesy of saebaryo.

上面的图片由saebaryo提供 。

问题 (The Question)

SuperUser reader Rudolph wants to know what the difference between a quick and a full format is:

超级用户读者Rudolph想要了解快速格式和完整格式之间的区别是：

I am installing Windows XP on a computer and again I got to the point where it asks you to choose between a quick format and a full format. What is the difference? I know with Windows 7 & 8 installations it appears to do quick formats by default. Is there any difference between the two in terms of risk or consistency?

我正在计算机上安装Windows XP，然后又到了要点，它要求您在快速格式和完整格式之间进行选择。 有什么区别？ 我知道在Windows 7和8安装中，默认情况下它似乎可以快速格式化。 两者在风险或一致性方面是否有区别？

As the names imply, there is a difference in the amount of time each type of formatting takes, but what else is different between the two? Is one better, or more preferable than, the other?

顾名思义，每种格式花费的时间有所不同，但是两者之间还有什么不同？ 一个是比另一个更好或更可取的吗？

答案 (The Answer)

SuperUser contributor Werner Henze has the answer for us:

超级用户贡献者Werner Henze为我们提供了答案：

The term formatting is used for different things.

术语格式化用于不同的事物。

First it is used for low-level formatting of a hard disk. This includes taking the disk and dividing it into small units – the blocks, which can be accessed by the operating system. Nowadays the manufacturers configure the sector size (like 512 bytes or 4096 bytes) and low-level format the disk. Normally the user can’t low-level format a hard disk anymore.

首先，它用于硬盘的低级格式化。 这包括取出磁盘并将其分成小块-块，操作系统可以访问这些块。 如今，制造商配置扇区大小(例如512字节或4096字节)并低级格式化磁盘。 通常，用户不能再对硬盘进行低级格式化了。

Second, formatting is used for high-level formatting of a hard disk. This means that the operating system is writing a file system structure to the disk. With good old FAT (File Allocation Table) for example, the system would write a boot sector to the first disk sector and an empty FAT to the following sectors. Empty in this case means that all entries in the File Allocation Table are marked as unused.

其次，格式化用于硬盘的高级格式化。 这意味着操作系统正在将文件系统结构写入磁盘。 例如，使用良好的旧FAT(文件分配表) ，系统会将引导扇区写入第一个磁盘扇区，并将空FAT写入随后的扇区。 在这种情况下为空意味着文件分配表中的所有条目都标记为未使用。

High-level formatting might include scanning the disk for bad sectors (check if every sector can be read), and it might include writing zeroes to all data sectors on the disk.

高级格式化可能包括扫描磁盘上的坏扇区(检查是否可以读取每个扇区)，并且可能包括将零写入磁盘上的所有数据扇区。

When you format a disk, Windows XP does a high level format and it writes a file system structure to the disk. When you say full format, then Windows XP also scans all sectors on the disk for bad sectors (see MSKB 302686). Since Windows Vista, a full format writes zeroes to all data sectors (see MSKB 941961). Accessing each sector on the disk takes much more time than the quick format, which only writes the blocks that contain the file system structure. So normally a quick format is what you want because it is much faster. But there are cases where you might want to do a full format.

格式化磁盘时，Windows XP会执行高级格式化，并将文件系统结构写入磁盘。 当您说完整格式时，Windows XP还将扫描磁盘上的所有扇区以寻找坏扇区( 请参阅MSKB 302686 )。 从Windows Vista开始，完整格式将零写入所有数据扇区( 请参见MSKB 941961 )。 访问磁盘上的每个扇区所花费的时间比快速格式要多得多，快速格式只写包含文件系统结构的块。 因此，通常您想要的是快速格式，因为它要快得多。 但是在某些情况下，您可能需要完整格式。

1. You might have a disk that you want to destroy or give away. If you just do a quick format, then the file data is still on the disk, only the file system structure (file names and information where the files are stored on the disk) are deleted. With specialized programs someone might try to “undelete” your files – the data is still there, the task of the program is to guess/know which data block belongs to which file.

1.您可能拥有要销毁或赠送的磁盘。 如果仅执行快速格式化，则文件数据仍在磁盘上，仅删除文件系统结构(文件名和文件在磁盘上的存储信息)。 使用专门的程序，有人可能会尝试“取消删除”您的文件-数据仍然存在，该程序的任务是猜测/知道哪个数据块属于哪个文件。

2. You might not be sure if the hard disk is in a good state. Then a full format is a good idea because it accesses every sector, so if any sector is bad, this will be recognized. With a quick format only a few sectors will be written to. With bad luck you end up with a successful quick format, and when you want to write data to the disk later, it fails. Then you will probably be wishing you had done a full format that would have checked the entire disk right at the beginning. Of course you can always run a ‘chkdsk /r’ later to scan a disk for bad sectors.

2.您可能不确定硬盘是否处于良好状态。 那么完整格式是个好主意，因为它可以访问每个扇区，因此，如果任何扇区坏了，就会被识别出来。 快速格式化将仅写入几个扇区。 不幸的是，您最终会获得成功的快速格式化，并且当您以后想要将数据写入磁盘时，它将失败。 然后，您可能希望您已经完成了完整的格式化，可以在一开始就检查整个磁盘。 当然，您以后总是可以运行“ chkdsk / r”来扫描磁盘上的坏扇区。

You asked about risks and consistency. I wrote about the risks above. Regarding consistency there is no difference. With every format the operating system writes the file system structure, and this structure is the starting point for every file system access. It does not make any difference if unused sectors are zeroed out or filled with random data.

您询问了风险和一致性。 我写了上面的风险。 关于一致性，没有区别。 操作系统以每种格式写入文件系统结构，而该结构是每次文件系统访问的起点。 如果将未使用的扇区清零或填充随机数据，则没有任何区别。

For more information, you might want to take a look at the Wikipedia Article for Formatting.

有关更多信息，您可能需要查看Wikipedia的格式化文章 。

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Have something to add to the explanation? Sound off in the comments. Want to read more answers from other tech-savvy Stack Exchange users? Check out the full discussion thread here.

有什么补充说明吗？ 在评论中听起来不错。 是否想从其他精通Stack Exchange的用户那里获得更多答案？ 在此处查看完整的讨论线程 。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/179920/what-is-the-difference-between-a-quick-and-full-format/

mkfs 快速格式