电商b2b_企业对企业– B2B | 第1部分

电商b2b

企业对企业– B2B (Business to Business – B2B)

Business to Business – B2B is the name given to trade associated with buying and selling of information, products and services via the Internet or through the use of private networks shared between two companies, thus replacing the physical processes that involve commercial transactions. B2B can also be defined as exchange of structured messages with other trade partners from private networks or the Internet to create and transform so your business relationships.

企业对企业– B2B是与通过Internet或通过两家公司之间共享的专用网络买卖信息，产品和服务相关的交易的名称，从而取代了涉及商业交易的物理流程。 B2B也可以定义为与来自私有网络或Internet的其他贸易伙伴交换结构化消息以创建和转换您的业务关系。

The Internet has revolutionized business, playing a key role in transforming the world into a huge global market, thus creating a “digital economy”. E-Business is becoming a growing need for companies to remain competitive in today’s digital economy, no longer a mere matter of choice. The Internet has created opportunities for firms to expand their markets, reducing costs, increasing efficiency and customer satisfaction and collaborate with partners and with competitors. B2B commerce is an area where such businesses can achieve such levels of efficiency. To meet the challenge of globalization of electronic commerce, companies need an effective and efficient process that meets the business need to buy and sell goods more cheaply and effectively. Consequently, it identifies, among several, three main groups of B2B portals, namely (Carvalho, 2006, p.38):

互联网彻底改变了业务，在将世界转变为巨大的全球市场，从而创造“数字经济”方面发挥了关键作用。 电子商务日益成为公司在当今数字经济中保持竞争力的一种日益增长的需求，而不再仅仅是选择的问题。 互联网为公司创造了扩大市场，降低成本，提高效率和客户满意度以及与合作伙伴和竞争对手进行合作的机会。 B2B商业是此类企业可以实现这种效率水平的领域。 为了应对电子商务全球化的挑战，公司需要一种有效且高效的流程，以满足能够更便宜，更有效地买卖商品的业务需求。 因此，它确定了B2B门户的三个主要组，即(Carvalho，2006，p.38)：

* Portals for employees (intranet) – portals are where the company promotes internal communication, i.e., to its employees and between employees. These networks are restricted to employees of the company or group of companies, allowing access to a set of internal network resources of that company or group of companies. Through these portals you can join the company’s employees, regardless of physical location where they are and thus overcome the distances that separate;

* 员工门户(内部网)–门户是公司促进内部沟通的地方，即与员工之间以及员工之间的沟通。 这些网络仅限于公司或公司集团的员工，从而允许访问该公司或公司集团的一组内部网络资源。 通过这些门户网站，无论员工身在何处，都可以加入公司的员工，从而克服了彼此分隔的距离；

* Portals for partners (extranet) – are portals that promote the relations between businesses (B2B) or between a given company and companies with whom they want to maintain relationships. Therefore, they are networks linking the company and its business partners with the aim of promoting collaboration and information sharing;

*合作伙伴门户(外部网)–是促进企业之间(B2B)或给定公司与要与其保持关系的公司之间的关系的门户。 因此，它们是将公司及其业务合作伙伴链接在一起的网络，目的是促进协作和信息共享；

* Third-party portals or e-market places – are brokering platforms that promote the union of several organizations buying and selling. The trading of goods and services is supported by the Internet, which facilitates and promotes the purchase online, in an environment of many buyers and many suppliers and / or in a more limited and dependent also on the characteristics monopolistic, oligopolistic or open markets origin of offers and requests.

*第三方门户或电子市场场所–是代理平台，可以促进多个组织的买卖交易的联合。 互联网支持商品和服务的交易，互联网在许多购买者和许多供应商的环境中和/或在更有限的环境中并且还依赖于垄断，寡头或开放市场起源的特征来促进和促进在线购买。报价和要求。

B2B Definition

B2B定义

B2B is a term that has become more popular since 1999, and refers to the negotiations, usually involving businesses, and partners that standardize forms of communication to reduce internal costs and increase efficiency. Transactions between businesses are made electronically via the Internet, extranets, intranets or private networks. These transactions can be conducted between the company and its members, but also between a company and another company and any other. In this context the word denotes any organization, private or public, with or without profit. B2B divided basically into two camps: Vertical Market: encompassing negotiations between major companies from a specific activity, such as automotive, semiconductor industry, chemical industry, among others. Horizontal market encompassing both large and small companies in negotiations between the various branches of commercial activity that focuses on common services or products industries.

B2B是一个自1999年以来变得越来越流行的术语，指的是通常涉及企业和合作伙伴的谈判，这些谈判使标准化的沟通形式降低内部成本并提高效率。 企业之间的交易是通过Internet，外部网，内部网或专用网络以电子方式进行的。 这些交易可以在公司及其成员之间进行，也可以在公司与另一公司之间以及任何其他公司之间进行。 在这种情况下，该词表示任何组织，无论有无营利性的私人或公共组织。 B2B基本上分为两个阵营：纵向市场：涵盖来自特定活动的主要公司之间的谈判，例如汽车，半导体工业，化学工业等。 在大型商业活动的各个分支之间的谈判中，包括大型和小型公司在内的横向市场，重点是共同服务或产品行业。

The concept of e-Hub

电子枢纽的概念

To fully exploit the potential of B2B companies need to think in terms of e-Hubs. An e-Hub is enabled for a Web platform that allows business partners, exchange and sharing of information related to the buying and selling. Several inbound or outbound transactions necessary to satisfy customers’ requests are automated.

要充分利用B2B的潜力，公司需要考虑电子中心。 为网络平台启用了e-Hub，该平台允许业务合作伙伴交换和共享与买卖有关的信息。 满足客户要求所必需的几个入库或出库交易是自动化的。

Kevin M. McKelvie and Mark Simmonds define “e-Hub as a set of technologies that deliver throughout the supply chain integration and collaboration, information sharing, a wide visibility of activities related to planning, direct purchase, and the final implementation. In doing so well, the e-Hub optimizes the supply chain itself and all its participants.”

Kevin M. McKelvie和Mark Simmonds将“ e-Hub”定义为在整个供应链集成和协作，信息共享，与计划，直接购买和最终实施有关的活动的广泛可见性中提供的一组技术。 通过这样做，e-Hub可以优化供应链本身及其所有参与者。”

Flexible, reliable and highly available: The e-marketplaces must have features and capabilities that span the business process, and thus can offer its members the highest values.

灵活，可靠且高度可用：电子市场必须具有跨越业务流程的功能，才能为其成员提供最高价值。

B2B E-Markets, or are changing the business paradigm: The E-Markets is not only aim to bring together business partners but also competitors. The idea behind these markets is to share information, enhance collaboration and provide greater value for shareholders of companies. Competitors work together with other competitors to determine market demand, and share information to increase efficiencies across the supply chain.

B2B电子市场，或正在改变商业范式：电子市场不仅旨在将业务合作伙伴聚集在一起，而且还旨在将竞争对手聚集在一起。 这些市场背后的想法是共享信息，加强协作并为公司股东提供更大的价值。 竞争对手与其他竞争对手一起确定市场需求，并共享信息以提高整个供应链的效率。

The exchanges are increasingly developing more sophisticated capabilities tip. The exchanges began to instill more “core” functional type of ERP solutions and services. Some of these capabilities of these exchanges will have:

交易所正在逐渐发展出更加复杂的功能提示。 交易所开始灌输更多“核心”功能类型的ERP解决方案和服务。 这些交易所的某些功能将具有：

Integrating and guiding collaboration: A true B2B capabilities should promote collaboration with various partners. Collaboration should enable inventory management, planning and programming. The activities of product collaborative design have become possible thanks to the exchange capacity. Hewlett Packard, for example, supports collaborative efforts among its 1,000 suppliers to manufacture standard products for HP hardware. This collaboration would not have been possible without the help of HP’s software private exchange.

整合和指导协作：真正的B2B功能应促进与各种合作伙伴的协作。 合作应能实现库存管理，计划和编程。 由于交换能力的提高，产品协同设计的活动已成为可能。 例如，惠普(Hewlett Packard)支持其1,000家供应商之间的协作，以制造用于HP硬件的标准产品。 没有惠普软件私人交换的帮助，这种合作是不可能的。

Feature: E-Markets should strive to provide features and services to a larger number of participants. Features of a Provider of Logistics Services to be developed for the private exchange, which is more centered around a company and its trading partners.

功能：电子市场应努力为更多的参与者提供功能和服务。 将为私人交易所开发物流服务提供商的功能，该服务更围绕公司及其贸易伙伴。

Scalability / availability: A B2B ideal should have capabilities to handle large volumes of data. A good IT infrastructure must be put in place to ensure the load handling and availability of services. Service availability 24 x 7 x 365 is no longer a matter of choice but a requirement for all applications of e-business.

可伸缩性/可用性： B2B理想产品应具有处理大量数据的功能。 必须建立良好的IT基础架构，以确保负载处理和服务可用性。 24 x 7 x 365服务可用性不再是一个选择问题，而是电子商务所有应用程序的要求。

Security: A B2B should have capabilities to provide secure transactions for its customers. Technologies such as encryption, Secure Socket Layer or validation keys are some of the technologies that can be used. A good procedure for authentication and authorization should be implemented. These tools and procedures should be constantly updated to stay ahead of hackers and cyber criminals.

安全性： B2B应该具有为其客户提供安全交易的能力。 可以使用的技术包括加密，安全套接字层或验证密钥等技术。 应该执行良好的身份验证和授权过程。 这些工具和程序应不断更新，以领先于黑客和网络罪犯。

Privacy: Adequate privacy policies should be implemented and effectively implemented. Companies do not want to share your information with anyone taking that third parties such as internal auditors should look at these processes and ensure the adequacy of practices and procedures.

隐私：应实施并有效实施适当的隐私政策。 公司不希望与任何认为第三方(例如内部审计师)应共享这些信息的人共享您的信息，并确保实践和程序的充分性。

Content / Catalog Management: Ability to create and manage site elements such as text graphics, embedded files and applets is another important aspect. The website should be user friendly and easy to navigate. Features such as personalization and customization can not only increase user satisfaction, leading him to perform the most enriching experiences, but also to make a more effective exchange.

内容/目录管理：能够创建和管理站点元素(如文本图形，嵌入式文件和applet)的能力是另一个重要方面。 该网站应易于使用且易于浏览。 个性化和自定义等功能不仅可以提高用户满意度，使他获得最丰富的体验，而且可以进行更有效的交流。

Architecture — Hub and spoke: Development and construction of an open architecture, where participants can easily be added or removed and where the growth of experience is very important. Having a scalable framework, without having to restructure all due to changing circumstances is a critical success factor.

体系结构-中心和分支：开发和构建开放式体系结构，在此体系中可以轻松添加或删除参与者，并且经验的增长非常重要。 拥有一个可扩展的框架，而不必因环境变化而进行全部重组是成功的关键因素。

Challenges in implementing B2B initiative

实施B2B计划的挑战

Most companies have recognized the potential of B2B and B2C. Thus, by choice or by force (as a result of competition), it have jumped into the carriage of one form or another, often without realizing the magnitude of the challenges of implementation. To fully exploit the benefits of this new phenomenon, companies should set their priorities. Any company participating in e-business faces many challenges. Some of these challenges are:

大多数公司已经意识到B2B和B2C的潜力。 因此，通过选择或通过武力(由于竞争)，它已经跳入一种形式或另一种形式的运输中，常常没有意识到执行挑战的严重性。 为了充分利用这种新现象的好处，公司应确定其优先事项。 任何参与电子商务的公司都面临许多挑战。 其中一些挑战是：

Technology Challenges

技术挑战

The main challenges faced by organizations under this category are:

此类别下的组织面临的主要挑战是：

Security

安全

Provide adequate security resources and computer technology the company is a very important issue. There should be measures to provide security for databases, networks, applications, payment systems and operating systems.

提供足够的安全资源和公司的计算机技术是一个非常重要的问题。 应该采取措施为数据库，网络，应用程序，支付系统和操作系统提供安全性。

Authentication procedures and policies should be developed, implemented and updated regularly to provide a safe environment. Using technologies such as encryption, Secured Socket Layer and Public Key Infrastructure can help the organization overcome this challenge.

认证程序和策略应定期制定，实施和更新，以提供安全的环境。 使用加密，安全套接字层和公钥基础结构等技术可以帮助组织克服这一挑战。

Another challenge that arises is the duty of the company has a clear privacy policy. Customers will not to trade if the information is not guaranteed and privacy policy is not safe. The implementation of initiatives such as TRUSTe goes a long way in establishing the credibility of enterprises, to gain the trust of customers.

出现的另一个挑战是公司的职责必须有明确的隐私政策。 如果信息不能保证且隐私政策不安全，则客户将不会进行交易。 TRUSTe等计划的实施在建立企业信誉，赢得客户信任方面大有帮助。

Continued…

继续…

翻译自: https://www.eukhost.com/blog/webhosting/business-to-business-b2b-part-1/

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