了解Windows Server 2008中的新Hyper-V功能

This article was written by MetroTek Geek from Metrotek Solutions, a provider of Computer Help in the DC area.

本文由Metrotek Solutions的MetroTek Geek撰写，Metrotek Solutions是DC地区的计算机帮助提供商。

Microsoft Windows Server 2008 goes virtual with Hyper-V

Microsoft Windows Server 2008通过Hyper-V虚拟化

As part of the Windows Server 2008 launch, Microsoft officially ushers in the era of true Windows server virtualization with Hyper-V. It used to be that virtualization was only found in the datacenters of companies like Amazon and their EC2 computing cloud. Now, Microsoft brings virtualization to the rest of us. Windows Server 2008 and Hyper-V come at the perfect time. With processor architecture shifting away from increasing speeds and towards multiple cores, virtualization will be a significant server-space trend in the near future.

作为Windows Server 2008发布的一部分，Microsoft正式开创了使用Hyper-V进行真正Windows Server虚拟化的时代。 过去，虚拟化仅在亚马逊及其EC2计算云等公司的数据中心中发现。 现在，Microsoft将虚拟化带给了我们其他人。 Windows Server 2008和Hyper-V恰逢其时。 随着处理器架构从提高速度转向使用多核，虚拟化将在不久的将来成为服务器空间的重要趋势。

Multiple Servers. One Box. Lots of RAM.

多台服务器。 一个盒子。 大量的RAM。

Hyper-V is a type-1 (native) hypervisor, meaning it runs at the root level with direct control over the server’s hardware. Virtual operating systems run independently of each other as partitions just above the Hyper-V stack. With server virtualization, you are essentially running multiple servers on one physical box. Previously, the only server virtualization product available from Microsoft was Virtual Server 2005 which ran as a type-2 (hosted) hypervisor over a macro operating system like Windows Server 2003. This meant the Virtual Server 2005 hypervisor did not have direct hardware access. Guest operating systems within Virtual Server 2005 were essentially threaded applications running through a macro-kernel. Hyper-V replaces the operating system layer and runs as a true type 1 micro-kernel hypervisor.

Hyper-V是1类(本机)虚拟机管理程序，这意味着它在根级别上运行，可以直接控制服务器的硬件。 虚拟操作系统作为Hyper-V堆栈上方的分区彼此独立运行。 使用服务器虚拟化，您实际上可以在一台物理机箱上运行多台服务器。 以前，Microsoft提供的唯一服务器虚拟化产品是Virtual Server 2005，它在Windows Server 2003之类的宏操作系统上作为Type-2(托管)虚拟机管理程序运行。这意味着Virtual Server 2005虚拟机管理程序无法直接访问硬件。 Virtual Server 2005中的来宾操作系统本质上是通过宏内核运行的线程化应用程序。 Hyper-V取代了操作系统层，并作为真正的1类微内核管理程序运行。

There are two key requirements for running Hyper-V: an x64 edition of Windows Server 2008 and a 64-bit processor with hardware assisted virtualization extensions (like those found in the Intel VT or AMD-V line of processors). Although Hyper-V requires a 64-bit working environment, guest operating systems may be 32 or 64-bit. Supported guest operating systems (the ones you want virtualized) include the following*:

运行Hyper-V有两个关键要求：x64版本的Windows Server 2008和具有硬件辅助虚拟化扩展的64位处理器(例如在Intel VT或AMD-V系列处理器中发现的扩展)。 尽管Hyper-V需要64位工作环境，但客户机操作系统可能是32位或64位。 支持的客户机操作系统(您要虚拟化的客户机)包括以下*：

• Windows Server 2008

  Windows Server 2008

• Windows Server 2003

  Windows Server 2003

• Windows 2000 Server

  Windows 2000服务器

• Windows Vista

  Windows Vista

• Windows XP Professional

  Windows XP专业版

• SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10
  * Other operating systems may work but are not supported in an official capacity

  SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 *其他操作系统可能可以运行，但不受官方支持

You may have noticed that Hyper-V requires a 64-bit environment. Not surprising given the 4 GB memory limitation found in 32-bit architecture. Four gigabytes divided over multiple instances just doesn’t cut it anymore. Fortunately, Windows Server 2008 Enterprise and Datacenter editions with Hyper-V can support up to 2 terabytes of physical memory and 64 gigabytes of memory per virtual instance. That’s a lot of memory!

您可能已经注意到Hyper-V需要64位环境。 鉴于32位体系结构中存在4 GB内存限制，这不足为奇。 划分为多个实例的4 GB不再可用。 幸运的是，具有Hyper-V的Windows Server 2008 Enterprise和Datacenter版可以支持高达2 TB的物理内存和每个虚拟实例64 GB的内存。 内存很大！

Quick Migration and High Availability

快速迁移和高可用性

Virtualized servers will benefit almost immediately from the ability to quickly migrate from one physical server to another. Microsoft Hyper-V with Quick Migration can save the state of a guest virtual operating system to shared storage, move the storage connection from one server to another, and then restore the image to the new server. Quick Migration works in tandem with the Windows Server 2008 Enterprise and Datacenter Clustering service to provide high availability and rapid disaster-recovery capabilities for your clustered servers. Whether it’s planned (maintenance) or unplanned (disaster recovery), the use of virtualization technology increases server uptime and availability.

虚拟服务器将很快从一台物理服务器迁移到另一台物理服务器而受益。 具有快速迁移功能的Microsoft Hyper-V可以将来宾虚拟操作系统的状态保存到共享存储中，将存储连接从一台服务器移到另一台服务器，然后将映像还原到新服务器。 快速迁移与Windows Server 2008企业版和数据中心群集服务协同工作，可为群集服务器提供高可用性和快速的灾难恢复功能。 无论是计划内的(维护)还是计划外的(灾难恢复)，虚拟化技术的使用都会增加服务器的正常运行时间和可用性。

Virtual Appliances

虚拟设备

The virtual appliance is a promising new development available with virtualization. Vendors can package an operating system and all necessary software to run their product into a virtual “black box” image. This image can then be deployed on different machines even if the configuration is different. Virtual appliances can reduce the installation, configuration, and maintenance costs associated with managing and deploying multiple layers of software. The Microsoft Virtual Hard Disk (VHD) test drive program is a great example. From the VHD website, “The Microsoft Virtual Hard Disk (VHD) format is the common virtualization file format that provides a uniform product support system, and provides more seamless manageability, security, reliability and cost-efficiency for customers. The VHD format captures the entire virtual machine operating system and the application stack in a single file.” As virtualization becomes more prevalent, we’ll begin to see even more innovative and useful virtual appliances.

虚拟设备是虚拟化中一项有希望的新发展。 供应商可以打包操作系统和所有必要的软件，以将其产品运行到虚拟的“黑匣子”映像中。 即使配置不同，此映像也可以部署在不同的计算机上。 虚拟设备可以减少与管理和部署多层软件相关的安装，配置和维护成本。 Microsoft虚拟硬盘 (VHD)测试驱动器程序就是一个很好的例子。 在VHD网站上，“ Microsoft虚拟硬盘(VHD)格式是通用的虚拟化文件格式，它提供统一的产品支持系统，并为客户提供更无缝的可管理性，安全性，可靠性和成本效益。 VHD格式在单个文件中捕获了整个虚拟机操作系统和应用程序堆栈。” 随着虚拟化的普及，我们将开始看到更多创新和有用的虚拟设备。

To V or not to V

到V还是不到V

Server virtualization represents the next logical step in efficient server-space progression. As servers begin shifting to multi-core architecture and 64-bit platforms, virtualization should become an increasing factor in optimizing server workload performance and reducing costs, especially as server proliferation becomes a growing problem. What was once strictly within the realm of datacenters and development labs is now becoming IT reality. Although there are some performance issues to consider, you might find the advantages of virtualization are well worth the investment.

服务器虚拟化代表了高效服务器空间演进中的下一个逻辑步骤。 随着服务器开始转向多核体系结构和64位平台，虚拟化应成为优化服务器工作负载性能和降低成本的一个越来越重要的因素，尤其是在服务器扩散成为日益严重的问题时。 曾经严格在数据中心和开发实验室范围内的东西现在变成了IT现实。 尽管需要考虑一些性能问题，但您可能会发现虚拟化的优势值得进行投资。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/howto/the-geek-blog/understanding-the-new-hyper-v-feature-in-windows-server-2008/