matlab绘制线性回归_如何在Excel中绘制线性校准曲线

matlab绘制线性回归

Excel has built-in features that you can use to display your calibration data and calculate a line-of-best-fit. This can be helpful when you are writing a chemistry lab report or programming a correction factor into a piece of equipment.

Excel具有内置功能，可用于显示校准数据并计算最佳拟合线。 当您编写化学实验室报告或将校正因子编程到设备中时，这将很有帮助。

In this article, we’ll look at how to use Excel to create a chart, plot a linear calibration curve, display the calibration curve’s formula, and then set up simple formulas with the SLOPE and INTERCEPT functions to use the calibration equation in Excel.

在本文中，我们将研究如何使用Excel创建图表，绘制线性校准曲线，显示校准曲线的公式，然后使用SLOPE和INTERCEPT函数设置简单公式以在Excel中使用校准方程式。

什么是校准曲线，Excel在创建时如何使用？ (What is a Calibration Curve and How is Excel Useful When Creating One?)

To perform a calibration, you compare the readings of a device (like the temperature that a thermometer displays) to known values called standards (like the freezing and boiling points of water). This lets you create a series of data pairs that you’ll then use to develop a calibration curve.

要执行校准，您需要将设备的读数(例如温度计显示的温度)与称为标准的已知值(例如水的冰点和沸点)进行比较。 这使您可以创建一系列数据对，然后将其用于绘制校准曲线。

A two-point calibration of a thermometer using the freezing and boiling points of water would have two data pairs: one from when the thermometer is placed in ice water (32°F or 0°C) and one in boiling water (212°F or 100°C). When you plot those two data pairs as points and draw a line between them (the calibration curve), then assuming the response of the thermometer is linear, you could pick any point on the line that corresponds to the value the thermometer displays, and you could find the corresponding “true” temperature.

使用水的冰点和沸点对温度计进行两点校准将具有两个数据对：一个来自将温度计放在冰水(32 ° F或0 ° C)中时的数据对，一个在沸水(212 ° F)中的数据对。或100 ° C)。 当将这两个数据对绘制为点并在它们之间画一条线(校准曲线)时，假设温度计的响应是线性的，则可以在线上选择与温度计显示的值相对应的任何点，然后可以找到相应的“真实”温度。

So, the line is essentially filling in the information between the two known points for you so that you can be reasonably certain when estimating the actual temperature when the thermometer is reading 57.2 degrees, but when you have never measured a “standard” that corresponds to that reading.

因此，该行实际上是在为您填充两个已知点之间的信息，以便您可以合理确定在温度计读数为57.2度时估算实际温度，但是在从未测量与之对应的“标准”时那个读书。

Excel has features that allow you to plot the data pairs graphically in a chart, add a trendline (calibration curve), and display the calibration curve’s equation on the chart.  This is useful for a visual display, but you can also calculate the formula of the line using Excel’s SLOPE and INTERCEPT functions. When you enter these values into simple formulas, you will be able to automatically calculate the “true” value based on any measurement.

Excel具有使您可以在图表中以图形方式绘制数据对，添加趋势线(校准曲线)以及在图表上显示校准曲线方程的功能。 这对于可视显示很有用，但是您也可以使用Excel的SLOPE和INTERCEPT函数来计算线的公式。 将这些值输入简单的公式后，您将能够基于任何测量值自动计算“真实”值。

让我们看一个例子 (Let’s Look at an Example)

For this example, we will develop a calibration curve from a series of ten data pairs, each consisting of an X-value and a Y-value. The X-values will be our “standards,” and they could represent anything from the concentration of a chemical solution we are measuring using a scientific instrument to the input variable of a program that controls a marble launching machine.

对于此示例，我们将从一系列十个数据对中绘制一条校准曲线，每对数据均由一个X值和一个Y值组成。 X值将成为我们的“标准”，它们可以代表从我们使用科学仪器测量的化学溶液浓度到控制大理石发射器程序的输入变量的任何内容。

The Y-values will be the “responses,” and they would represent the reading the instrument provided when measuring each chemical solution or the measured distance of how far away from the launcher the marble landed using each input value.

Y值将是“响应”，它们将代表在测量每种化学溶液时所提供的仪器读数或使用每个输入值所测量的大理石距发射器有多远的距离。

After we graphically depict the calibration curve, we will use the SLOPE and INTERCEPT functions to calculate the calibration line’s formula and determine the concentration of an “unknown” chemical solution based on the instrument’s reading or decide what input we should give the program so that the marble lands a certain distance away from the launcher.

在以图形方式描绘校准曲线之后，我们将使用SLOPE和INTERCEPT函数来计算校准线的公式，并根据仪器的读数确定“未知”化学溶液的浓度，或者确定我们应该给程序提供什么输入，以便大理石从发射器着陆一定距离。

第一步：创建图表 (Step One: Create Your Chart)