为什么Windows Store中不提供（大多数）桌面应用程序

The Windows Store included with Windows 10 could be a one stop shop to find all the software you’re looking for. But it isn’t. A few desktop applications, like Kodi and Evernote, are now available–but most aren’t.

Windows 10附带的Windows应用商店可以一站式提供查找所需的所有软件。 但事实并非如此。 现在提供了一些桌面应用程序，例如Kodi和Evernote，但大多数都没有。

The Store primarily offers mobile-style apps like Candy Crush Saga and TripAdvisor–two applications that Microsoft is now bundling with Windows 10–but not the more powerful desktop apps many Windows users depend on. At least the Store isn’t full of fake desktop apps anymore.

该商店主要提供移动风格的应用程序，例如Candy Crush Saga和TripAdvisor，这是Microsoft现在与Windows 10捆绑在一起的两个应用程序，但不是许多Windows用户依赖的功能更强大的桌面应用程序。 至少该商店不再充满假桌面应用程序 。

该商店仅提供通用应用 (The Store Only Offers Universal Apps)

Microsoft decided to only offer universal apps, and not desktop applications, through the Store. The Windows Store only includes apps written for Microsoft’s new “Universal Windows Platform,” or UWP. It’s also sometimes called the “universal application platform,” or UAP.

Microsoft决定仅通过Store提供通用应用程序，而不提供桌面应用程序。 Windows应用商店仅包括为Microsoft新的“通用Windows平台”或UWP编写的应用。 有时也称为“通用应用程序平台”或UAP。

Back in the Windows 8 and 8.1 days, the Store only included those new “Metro apps” or “Modern apps”–which Microsoft actually called “Store apps” in Windows 8.1. Those apps were more limited than desktop apps, only running in the full-screen Metro interface, and never truly “closing”. It was simple: If you wanted applications for the new interface, you used the Store. If you wanted desktop applications, you got them the old-fashioned way.

在Windows 8和8.1的日子里，Store仅包含那些新的“ Metro应用程序”或“现代应用程序”，Microsoft在Windows 8.1中实际上称为“ Store apps”。 这些应用程序比台式机应用程序更受限制 ，仅在全屏Metro界面中运行，而从未真正“关闭”。 这很简单：如果您想要新界面的应用程序，则可以使用商店。 如果需要桌面应用程序，则可以使用老式的方法。

However, in Windows 10, Microsoft has begun blurring the lines. Those Store apps run in their own windows on the desktop, alongside other desktop applications. However, they’re still not the same.

但是，在Windows 10中，Microsoft已开始模糊界限。 这些Store应用程序与其他桌面应用程序一起在桌面上的自己的窗口中运行。 但是，它们仍然不相同。

With the release of Windows 8, Microsoft made it possible for developers to add their desktop applications to the Windows Store. However, these were just Store pages that provided links to websites where you could download desktop apps. These no longer appear to be present in Windows 10.

随着Windows 8的发布，Microsoft使开发人员可以将其桌面应用程序添加到Windows应用商店。 但是，这些只是“商店”页面，这些页面提供指向可下载桌面应用程序的网站的链接。 这些似乎不再出现在Windows 10中。

通用应用更受限制，这就是重点 (Universal Apps Are More Limited, and That’s the Point)

But Microsoft’s new universal application platform is more limited. Even in cases where powerful desktop-style applications have been brought to the Windows Store, the Store version is hamstrung compared to its desktop counterpart. Just take a look at Rise of the Tomb Raider, which is available both from Steam as a desktop app and the Windows Store as a universal app. The universal version is much more limited. There’s a Dropbox app in the Windows Store, but it can’t sync your files to your computer like the Dropbox desktop application–it’s more similar to Dropbox’s smartphone apps.

但是微软新的通用应用程序平台受到更多限制。 即使在将强大的桌面样式应用程序带到Windows应用商店的情况下，与桌面应用相比，应用商店的版本也会受到阻碍。 只需看一下《古墓丽影 ： 崛起》 ，即可从Steam的台式机应用程序和Windows应用商店的通用应用程序中获得。 通用版本的局限性更大 。 Windows应用商店中有一个Dropbox应用程序，但是它无法像Dropbox桌面应用程序那样将文件同步到计算机上，它与Dropbox的智能手机应用程序更加相似。

That’s because Microsoft’s new application platform is designed to be more limited. Apps are run in a sandbox, limiting the files they can access on your system. They can’t interfere with other apps and snoop on you. They can’t launch themselves at startup or constantly run in the background. Universal apps are designed to be portable and run on Windows Phone, Xbox, and other platforms. These new universal apps have more in common with mobile apps on iPhone, iPad, or Android than they do with traditional desktop apps.

这是因为Microsoft的新应用程序平台的设计受到更多限制。 应用程序在沙箱中运行，限制了它们可以在系统上访问的文件。 他们不会干扰其他应用程序并监听您。 他们无法在启动时启动自己或在后台持续运行。 通用应用程序旨在具有可移植性，并可以在Windows Phone，Xbox和其他平台上运行。 与传统的桌面应用程序相比，这些新的通用应用程序与iPhone，iPad或Android上的移动应用程序有更多共同点。

In contrast, traditional Windows desktop apps can do practically anything they want with your computer. UAC now prevents them from mucking with your system files without your permission, but they can still tamper with your personal files, function as keyloggers, or make your system unstable. The power is a double-edged sword.

相比之下，传统的Windows桌面应用程序几乎可以在计算机上完成他们想要的任何事情。 UAC现在可以防止它们未经您的许可而破坏您的系统文件，但是它们仍然可以篡改您的个人文件，充当键盘记录程序或使您的系统不稳定。 力量是一把双刃剑。

Microsoft would like to only distribute safe apps that aren’t a security, privacy, or performance risk. That’s why it excludes normal desktop apps, which it can’t guarantee won’t cause problems. Microsoft would prefer if people created universal apps and distributed them through the Store, as the system can manage these apps and ensure a better experience.

Microsoft仅希望分发安全，安全，隐私或性能方面的应用程序。 这就是为什么它不包含普通的桌面应用程序的原因，因此无法保证不会导致问题。 如果人们创建通用应用程序并通过商店分发它们，Microsoft会更喜欢，因为系统可以管理这些应用程序并确保更好的体验。

That’s the idea, at least. In reality, universal apps still haven’t really taken off and most Windows users need desktop applications. But, three and a half years after the Windows Store was first released with Windows 8, Microsoft is still trying to change that.

至少这就是主意。 实际上，通用应用程序尚未真正普及，大多数Windows用户需要桌面应用程序。 但是，在Windows Store首次与Windows 8一起发布三年半之后，Microsoft仍在尝试改变这种情况。

Macs actually have a similar problem. While Apple’s Mac App Store includes traditional Mac desktop apps, the Mac App Store enforces sandboxing to prevent these apps from causing trouble on Macs. This means that more powerful Mac applications can’t be provided through the Mac App Store and have to be downloaded from websites like you’d download a Windows desktop program, and that the applications in the Mac App Store are often more limited versions. Many Mac developers have abandoned the Mac App Store. Mac users can’t find all the desktop programs they want in the Mac App Store, either.

Mac实际上有类似的问题 。 尽管Apple的Mac App Store包括传统的Mac桌面应用程序，但Mac App Store强制执行沙箱操作，以防止这些应用程序在Mac上引起麻烦。 这意味着无法通过Mac App Store提供功能更强大的Mac应用程序，而必须像下载Windows桌面程序一样从网站上下载它们，并且Mac App Store中的应用程序通常是受限制的版本。 许多Mac开发人员已经放弃了Mac App Store。 Mac用户也无法在Mac App Store中找到他们想要的所有桌面程序。

某些桌面应用程序可以转换为UWP(并且现在在商店中) (Some Desktop Apps Can Be Converted to UWP (and Are In the Store Now))

With the Anniversary Update for Windows 10, Microsoft’s “Desktop Bridge”–previously known as “Project Centennial”–has arrived. Developers can now take traditional Windows desktop applications (in other words, Win32 and .NET apps) and package them into a UWP apps that can be submitted to the Windows Store.

通过Windows 10 周年更新 ， Microsoft的“桌面桥”(以前称为“百年计划”)已经到来。 开发人员现在可以使用传统的Windows桌面应用程序(换句话说，就是Win32和.NET应用程序)并将它们打包到可以提交到Windows应用商店的UWP应用程序中。

This technology works surprisingly well. The developers of the Kodi media center have written that they didn’t believe it would be easy for Kodi–a complex application that uses hardware audio and video acceleration–to become a UWP app. But, to their surprise, it just worked. The desktop version of Kodi is now available in the Windows Store.

这项技术出奇地好。 Kodi媒体中心的开发人员写道，他们认为Kodi(使用硬件音频和视频加速的复杂应用程序)成为UWP应用程序并不容易。 但是，令他们惊讶的是， 它确实奏效了 。 Windows商店现在提供Kodi的桌面版本。

The full desktop version of Evernote is now available in the Windows Store, too. It’s a big improvement from the sad “Evernote Touch” app that was created for Windows 8.

Windows Store 现在也提供 Evernote的完整桌面版本。 这是为Windows 8创建的可悲的“ Evernote Touch”应用程序的一项重大改进。

But what about the sandboxing? We expected that many applications might not work properly after conversation as they’re limited by the UWP sandbox, just as the Mac App Store sandbox limits many Mac apps. Microsoft even warns developers that not every app will work without modification.

但是沙盒呢？ 我们希望许多应用程序在通话后可能无法正常工作，因为它们受到UWP沙箱的限制，就像Mac App Store沙箱限制了许多Mac应用程序一样。 微软甚至警告开发人员，并非每个应用程序都无需修改即可运行。

However, it looks like the sandbox is very forgiving. Apps packed with the Desktop Bridge aren’t subject to all the sandboxing restrictions enforced on normal UWP apps. This allows many desktop applications to “just work” after they’re converted without any extra tweaks.

但是，沙盒看起来非常宽容。 随Desktop Bridge打包的应用程序不受常规UWP应用程序强制执行的所有沙盒限制。 这样，许多桌面应用程序在转换后就可以“正常工作”，而无需进行任何其他调整。

Apps packaged in this way have some advantages over normal desktop apps. The Windows Store provides a central, safe place to find and install apps from. The Store will automatically update apps, too. The converted apps can be quickly installed and uninstalled in a clean way, without any installation wizards, leftover registry entries, and other unnecessary files taking up space on your hard drive.

与常规桌面应用程序相比，以这种方式打包的应用程序具有一些优势。 Windows应用商店提供了一个中央安全的地方，可以从中查找和安装应用程序。 商店也会自动更新应用程序。 转换后的应用程序可以以干净的方式快速安装和卸载，而无需任何安装向导，剩余的注册表项和其他不必要的文件，它们会占用硬盘驱动器上的空间。

Developers can also add UWP features to their desktop apps. For example, the Evernote app in the Windows Store offers a live tile. Microsoft says this will let developers gradually migrate their desktop apps to UWP apps, replacing bits of code at a time.

开发人员还可以将UWP功能添加到其桌面应用程序。 例如，Windows应用商店中的Evernote应用提供了实时磁贴。 微软表示，这将使开发人员逐渐将其桌面应用程序迁移到UWP应用程序，从而一次替换一些代码。

Unfortunately, these apps don’t have all the advantages of normal “Universal Windows Platform” apps. While they’re technically “UWP” apps, they’re not actually universal–they will only run on Windows 10 PCs. They won’t run on Windows 10 phones, the Xbox One, HoloLens, or other platforms Microsoft may release in the future.

不幸的是，这些应用程序没有常规“通用Windows平台”应用程序的所有优势。 尽管从技术上讲它们是“ UWP”应用程序，但它们实际上并不通用-它们只能在Windows 10 PC上运行。 它们无法在Windows 10手机，Xbox One，HoloLens或Microsoft将来可能发布的其他平台上运行。

We expect to see more and more desktop apps added to the Windows Store in the future, but not all desktop apps will be available in the Store. Some powerful applications just aren’t capable of being sandboxed. Developers will have to do some extra work, and any extra UWP features will only work on Windows 10. Developers will have to continue offering a downloadable installer for Windows 7 users.

我们希望将来会看到越来越多的桌面应用程序添加到Windows应用商店中，但是并非所有桌面应用程序都可以在应用商店中使用。 某些功能强大的应用程序无法将其沙盒化。 开发人员将不得不做一些额外的工作，并且所有额外的UWP功能都只能在Windows 10上运行。开发人员将必须继续为Windows 7用户提供可下载的安装程序。

And, if a developer is selling software, it will have to give the Windows Store a 30% cut of the profits. Developers may want to sell their own software and keep all the profits rather than sharing them with Microsoft.

而且，如果开发人员正在销售软件，则必须给Windows应用商店30％的利润削减。 开发人员可能希望出售自己的软件并保留所有利润，而不是与Microsoft分享。

For the foreseeable future, the Windows Store will continue being just one way to get some applications–not a one stop shop for all the software you might want on a Windows 10 PC.

在可预见的将来，Windows应用商店将继续只是获取某些应用程序的一种方法，而不是一站式购买Windows 10 PC上可能需要的所有软件。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/243559/why-desktop-apps-arent-available-in-the-windows-store-yet/