如何在Final Cut Pro X中进行颜色校正和颜色等级

Color correction and color grading are the processes of adjusting the color of a video to achieve a more balanced or stylistic look. Final Cut Pro X makes this reasonably easy to do.

颜色校正和颜色分级是调整视频颜色以实现更加平衡或风格化外观的过程。 Final Cut Pro X使得此操作相当容易。

There are some differences between correction and grading. Color correction comes first and is where you correct over or undersaturated video to make the colors more uniform between clips. Color grading is used to give your footage a distinct look and adjust the overall mood of the clip. You’ll use the same tools for both techniques though, so the process is similar.

校正和分级之间存在一些差异。 首先进行色彩校正，然后在其中校正过饱和或过饱和的视频，以使片段之间的颜色更均匀。 颜色分级用于使您的素材具有鲜明的外观并调整剪辑的整体氛围。 不过，您将为两种技术使用相同的工具，因此过程类似。

If you don’t have Final Cut, the same basic steps will apply to whatever editing program you are using, but the UI will look a little different.

如果没有Final Cut，则相同的基本步骤将应用于您使用的任何编辑程序，但UI看起来会有所不同。

基础 (The Basics)

In Final Cut, you’ll perform color correction and grading through the Color Board, which is just an effect in Final Cut like any other. It’s so often used that Apple has given it a hotkey—Command+6. This technically opens the “Color Inspector” tool for any clip, but if you don’t have the color board effect already on your clip, Final Cut adds it automatically. Navigating Final Cut with hotkeys is much easier, and you can find a full list of them here. Alternatively, you could drag the effect on the clip and then click on it in the inspector.

在Final Cut中，您将通过配色板执行颜色校正和分级，这在Final Cut中就像其他效果一样。 它是如此常用，以至于苹果给了它一个热键-Command + 6。 从技术上讲，这将为任何剪辑打开“颜色检查器”工具，但是如果您的剪辑上没有彩板效果，则Final Cut会自动添加它。 使用热键导航Final Cut更加容易，您可以在此处找到它们的完整列表。 或者，您可以在剪辑上拖动效果，然后在检查器中单击它。

Once you’ve got it pulled up, the first window you’ll see is the color tab. There are also tabs for saturation and exposure, and you can navigate between them with Control+Command+C, S, or E.

一旦将其拉起，您将看到的第一个窗口是颜色选项卡。 还有用于饱和度和曝光的选项卡，您可以使用Control + Command + C，S或E在它们之间进行导航。

There are four sliders in each pane for master control, shadows, mid-tones, and highlights. Master control will change the look of the whole clip at once, and the other sliders will change the dark, gray, and light parts of the image individually.

每个窗格中有四个滑块，分别用于主控，阴影，中间调和高光。 主控件将立即更改整个剪辑的外观，其他滑块将分别更改图像的暗，灰和亮部分。

In the Color pane, moving them horizontally will change the color, and moving them vertically will change the intensity of the effect. If you move them below the centerline, it will have a negative effect. The same rules apply to the other tabs as well.

在“颜色”窗格中，水平移动它们会改变颜色，垂直移动它们会改变效果的强度。 如果将它们移动到中心线以下，将会产生负面影响。 相同的规则也适用于其他选项卡。

使用范围掌握颜色分级 (Using Scopes to Master Color Grading)

Color grading by eye alone can be pretty hard, as you’re making many small improvements that you might not even notice one at a time. The different scope viewers help to dial in and perfect these changes.

仅凭眼睛进行色彩分级可能会非常困难，因为您正在进行许多小的改进，甚至可能一次都看不到。 不同的作用域查看器有助于拨入并完善这些更改。

You can open video scopes by pressing Command+7 or from View > Show in Viewer > Video Scopes. The first interesting one is the vectorscope, which plots pixels by color (which direction they’re facing on the circle) and by intensity (how far from the center they are).

您可以通过按Command + 7或从“视图”>“在查看器中显示”>“视频范围”来打开视频范围。 第一个有趣的是矢量示波器，它通过颜色(像素在圆上朝向的方向)和强度(像素距中心的距离)绘制像素。

The vectorscope is pretty useful for finding the average complementary color of your footage. Just drag the master color wheel around until it lands on the opposite side:

矢量示波器对于查找素材的平均补色非常有用。 只需拖动主色轮，直到其落在另一侧即可：

Ideally, you’d probably want your footage to be somewhere close to the middle, but it all comes down to artistic preference.

理想情况下，您可能希望您的镜头位于中间位置，但这全都取决于艺术偏好。

You can change scopes with the button in the top right corner.

您可以使用右上角的按钮更改范围。

You can adjust the channels that each scope displays here as well, making it easy to do things like switching from viewing all colors to viewing only the red channel.

您还可以调整每个示波器在此处显示的通道，使操作变得很容易，例如从查看所有颜色切换为仅查看红色通道。

使用曝光对镜头进行归一化 (Using Exposure to Normalize Your Footage)

The Luma waveform scope is useful for adjusting the exposure of your clip. Usually, you’ll want the deepest blacks of your footage to be at zero and the whites to be at 100%, but again this comes down to artistic preference.

亮度波形示波器可用于调整剪辑的曝光。 通常，您会希望素材中最深的黑色为零，而白色为100％，但这又取决于艺术偏好。

You can adjust the shadows and highlights individually on the Exposure tab.

您可以在“曝光”选项卡上分别调整阴影和高光。

You can see now that the top of the clip is near 100, and the lows are near 0. Don’t go too far though, as you’ll start clipping and losing detail. Also, you’ll want to adjust this over the whole video if your footage isn’t constant.

现在，您可以看到剪辑的顶部接近100，而最低点接近0。不过不要过分，因为您将开始剪辑并丢失细节。 此外，如果您的镜头不固定，您将希望在整个视频中进行调整。

使用关键帧适应剪辑 (Using Keyframes to Adapt to Your Clip)

Like everything in Final Cut, you can adjust the color board using keyframes. Keyframes save your settings at a particular time and transition between them, effectively animating your clip. You can add a new keyframe with the plus button next to the color board. There’s no hotkey for doing this, but you can cut, copy, and paste keyframes with Option+Shift+X, C, or V, respectively.

像Final Cut中的所有内容一样，您可以使用关键帧来调整颜色板。 关键帧会在特定时间保存您的设置，并在它们之间进行过渡，从而有效地制作剪辑动画。 您可以使用色板旁边的加号按钮添加新的关键帧。 没有热键可以执行此操作，但是您可以分别使用Option + Shift + X，C或V剪切，复制和粘贴关键帧。

You’ll want to right-click your clip and select “Show Video Animation” (or press Control+V), so you can see the keyframes you’re editing—they’re hidden by default.

您需要右键单击剪辑，然后选择“显示视频动画”(或按Control + V)，以便可以看到正在编辑的关键帧-默认情况下它们是隐藏的。

When you add a new keyframe, it will copy the current settings to that keyframe. You can add a second keyframe, click on it in the timeline, and edit the settings on that one. Final Cut will automatically fade between the settings for each one.

添加新的关键帧时，它将把当前设置复制到该关键帧。 您可以添加第二个关键帧，在时间轴上单击它，然后在该关键帧上编辑设置。 Final Cut将在每个设置之间自动消失。

使用形状和颜色蒙版进行局部调整 (Making Localized Adjustments with Shape and Color Masks)

This one’s pretty simple, but it’s hidden behind a button menu. The rectangle shaped button next to the “Add Keyframe” button brings up the “Masking” menu. The first option is to shape masks, which lets you make adjustments with an elliptical or rectangular mask. It seems a bit restrictive, but you can add multiple masks for more complicated objects.

这很简单，但是隐藏在按钮菜单后面。 “添加关键帧”按钮旁边的矩形按钮调出“蒙版”菜单。 第一个选项是使蒙版成形，使您可以使用椭圆形或矩形蒙版进行调整。 似乎有些限制，但是您可以为更复杂的对象添加多个蒙版。

The other option is color masks, which you can use in combination with shape masks. You can use these to “select” a color in your footage and perform adjustments to it. You can use the softness slider or additional color masks to catch a wider range of colors. For example, you could turn a red shirt into a blue one with a couple of red color masks (and maybe some shape masks, if there’s more red in the scene).

另一个选项是颜色蒙版，可以将其与形状蒙版结合使用。 您可以使用它们来“选择”素材中的颜色并对其进行调整。 您可以使用柔和度滑块或其他颜色蒙版来捕获更广泛的颜色。 例如，您可以将红色衬衫变成带有两个红色蒙版的蓝色衬衫(如果场景中有更多的红色，可能还需要一些形状蒙版)。

You can also animate the positions of these masks independently of the main color board, as they have their own keyframes. Each of the masks also has controls to adjust the inside and outside of the masks independently.

您还可以独立于主配色板设置这些蒙版的位置动画，因为它们具有自己的关键帧。 每个面罩还具有控件以独立调整面罩的内部和外部。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/367795/how-to-color-grade-and-color-correct-in-final-cut-pro-x/