windows禁用驱动签名
Even though both Windows and its users have made the jump to the 21st century, there’s still some lingering 1990s-era annoyances hiding out in the OS including Windows’ tenacious desire to create thumbnail files (and then refusing to delete them). Read on as we solve the “File In Use” deletion error problem.
尽管Windows及其用户都迈入了21世纪，但OS仍然隐藏着1990年代的烦恼，包括Windows顽强的创建缩略图文件(然后拒绝删除它们)的渴望。 在我们解决“使用中的文件”删除错误问题时，请继续阅读。
有什么问题？ (What’s the Problem?)
When you’re tidying files, deleting older archives, or otherwise cleaning up after yourself it’s not uncommon to run into the very annoying “File In Use” error. The way the error crops up usually goes like this. You look at a folder, decide you no longer need said folder and its contents, but when you attempt to delete the folder you get an error message that looks like this.
当您整理文件，删除较旧的存档或以其他方式自行清理后，遇到非常烦人的“文件使用中”错误并不少见。 错误出现的方式通常是这样的。 您查看一个文件夹，确定不再需要所述文件夹及其内容，但是当您尝试删除该文件夹时，您会收到一条错误消息，如下所示。
Windows will happily delete the contents of the folder but it won’t delete the folder and the “Thumbs.db” file will persist. You can click “Try Again” all day and it won’t budge. Yet if you move on in frustration and sort and purge more folders you’ll find that you can then return and delete the original folder and the pesky Thumbs.db file inside. What gives?
Windows会愉快地删除该文件夹的内容，但不会删除该文件夹，并且“ Thumbs.db”文件将继续存在。 您可以整天单击“重试”，它不会退缩。 但是，如果您继续感到沮丧，对其他文件夹进行排序和清除，则会发现您可以返回并删除原始文件夹以及其中令人讨厌的Thumbs.db文件。 是什么赋予了？
Windows has a very sensible policy that prevents the deletion of files currently in use by the operating system or an application. That’s a great policy to have and, on its own, it rarely causes any issues. Unfortunately Windows also has another policy that all folders with visual media (image files and movies) should have a database of thumbnails to provide thumbnail images for the files if the user switches to any of the available thumbnail views.
Windows有一个非常明智的策略，可防止删除操作系统或应用程序当前正在使用的文件。 这是一个很棒的政策，而且它本身很少引起任何问题。 不幸的是，Windows还具有另一个策略，即如果用户切换到任何可用的缩略图视图，则所有包含可视媒体的文件夹(图像文件和电影)都应具有缩略图数据库，以为文件提供缩略图图像。
When you open the folder to check the contents Windows loads the Thumbs.db file into Windows Explorer. When you go to delete the folder, Windows refuses because the Thumbs.db is currently in use by Explorer. The reason you can return to the stubborn folder later and delete it successfully is because either enough time has elapsed and Windows has unloaded the Thumbs.db or since then you’ve loaded another folder and that folder’s Thumbs.db replaces the previous Thumbs.db and now the original Thumbs.db is no longer locked by Windows and the annoying “File In Use” error vanishes. That’s great but now the new Thumbs.db file is locked and the cycle of frustration continues.
当您打开文件夹以检查内容时，Windows会将Thumbs.db文件加载到Windows资源管理器中。 当您删除文件夹时，Windows拒绝，因为资源管理器当前正在使用Thumbs.db。 之所以可以稍后返回到顽固的文件夹并成功将其删除的原因是，经过了足够的时间并且Windows已卸载Thumbs.db，或者此后您已经加载了另一个文件夹，并且该文件夹的Thumbs.db替换了先前的Thumbs.db。现在，原始的Thumbs.db不再被Windows锁定，并且烦人的“正在使用文件”错误消失了。 太好了，但是现在新的Thumbs.db文件被锁定，无奈的循环继续进行。
Microsoft kind-of-sort-of fixed this issue in the transition between Windows XP and Windows Vista by shifting thumbnail creation on local drives to a centralized location. In Windows Vista (as well as Windows 7 and Windows 8) thumbnails are stored in a central database located at %userprofile%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Explorer instead of in every individual folder. While that cleared up most deletion problems and decluttered user folders, the Thumbs.db problem persists to this day when working with network/remote drives and folders.
Microsoft通过将本地驱动器上的缩略图创建移动到集中位置，在Windows XP和Windows Vista之间的过渡中解决了该问题。 在Windows Vista(以及Windows 7和Windows 8)中，缩略图存储在位于%userprofile%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Explorer的中央数据库中，而不是在每个单独的文件夹中。 虽然这可以解决大多数删除问题和混乱的用户文件夹，但是在使用网络/远程驱动器和文件夹时，Thumbs.db问题一直持续到今天。
Let’s look at several solutions, both temporary and permanent, you can use to banish this annoying error.
让我们看一下临时和永久的几种解决方案，您可以使用它们来消除此烦人的错误。
解决错误 (Fixing the Error)
There are several ways you can work around the error that range from temporary solutions (so you many continue to use the thumbnail feature) to permanent ones (wherein you won’t have to worry about the problem popping up again). We’ll start with the temporary solutions, which are handy if you’re using a work computer where you don’t have the privileges to make changes.
您可以通过多种方法来解决该错误，从临时解决方案(使您继续使用缩略图功能)到永久解决方案(其中您不必担心问题会再次出现)。 我们将从临时解决方案开始，如果您使用的是没有权限进行更改的工作计算机，则临时解决方案非常方便。
Note: If you’re having issues with the Thumbs.db in Windows XP, please refer to this tutorial for techniques on disabling thumbnails in XP; this tutorial is focused on the new thumbnail system found in Windows Vista and newer installations.
注意：如果您在Windows XP中的Thumbs.db遇到问题，请参考本教程，以了解在XP中禁用缩略图的技术； 本教程重点介绍Windows Vista和较新版本中的新缩略图系统。
暂时禁用Thumbs.db访问 (Temporarily Disable Thumbs.db Access)
Windows only uses the thumbs database if you’re browsing files in Windows Explorer with a view that requires Explorer to pull thumbnail data for display. Thus a very handy work around that’s both temporary in the application sense (you don’t have to disable system wide thumbnails) and the chronological sense (it persists only as long as you have a single non-permanent setting changed) is to switch your Windows Explorer view to “Details.”
如果您在Windows资源管理器中浏览带有要求资源管理器提取缩略图数据才能显示的视图的文件，则Windows仅使用Thumbs数据库。 因此，一种非常方便的解决方案是切换应用程序，这既在应用程序意义上是暂时的(您不必禁用系统范围的缩略图)，又在时间顺序上(仅当您更改了一个非永久性设置时，它才持续存在) Windows资源管理器视图为“详细信息”。
You can access it via File -> View -> Details or via the right-click context menu within the folder you’re working. If you’re doing a lot of work with many folders, you may wish to change the folder view across the entire system by navigating to File -> View -> Options and then in the Folder Options menu, selecting the View tab and then the “Apply to Folders” button to apply the view selection you made to all folders.
您可以通过“文件”->“视图”->“详细信息”或正在使用的文件夹中的右键单击上下文菜单来访问它。 如果您要处理许多文件夹，则可能需要更改整个系统的文件夹视图，方法是导航至“文件”->“视图”->“选项”，然后在“文件夹选项”菜单中，选择“视图”选项卡，然后选择“应用到文件夹”按钮可将您所做的视图选择应用于所有文件夹。
Now when you’re sorting and purging your folders the thumbnail database file will remain unloaded and you can delete folders without interference. This solution is ideal if you actually want thumbnails for your remote drives but you don’t want them in the way when you’re doing serious folder management.
现在，当您对文件夹进行排序和清除时，缩略图数据库文件将保持卸载状态，您可以删除文件夹而不会受到干扰。 如果您确实想要远程驱动器的缩略图，但是在进行认真的文件夹管理时不希望使用它们，则此解决方案是理想的。
禁用网络缩略图创建 (Disabling Network Thumbnail Creation)
If the “File In Use” error is infuriating enough that you just want those irritating Thumbs.db files gone forever from your network drives, the best practice is to outright disable their creation. This will not stop Windows from creating and caching local thumbnails (such as those that would appear in your local photo libraries); those thumbnails will still be generated and stored in the centralized database we mentioned earlier in the article. It will disable all future thumbnail database creation on remote drives.
如果“正在使用的文件”错误令人非常恼火，以至于您只希望那些烦人的Thumbs.db文件从网络驱动器中永久消失，则最佳做法是完全禁用它们的创建。 这不会阻止Windows创建和缓存本地缩略图(例如将显示在本地照片库中的缩略图)； 这些缩略图仍将生成并存储在我们在本文前面提到的集中式数据库中。 它将禁用将来在远程驱动器上创建的所有缩略图数据库。
通过组策略编辑器 (Via the Group Policy Editor)
For users running versions of Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Windows 8 that have access to the Group Policy Editor (found only in editions above the Home Premium level like Windows 7 Professional and the like), you can disable network thumbnail generation through the policy editor.
对于运行Windows Vista，Windows 7和Windows 8版本并具有组策略编辑器访问权限的用户(仅在Home Premium级别以上的版本(如Windows 7 Professional等)中找到)，您可以通过该策略禁用网络缩略图的生成编辑。
Open the Local Group Policy Editor by typing “gpedit.msc” in the Start menu run box. In the policy editor navigate to following location, using the left hand navigation panel, based on your version of Windows.
通过在“开始”菜单运行框中键入“ gpedit.msc”，打开本地组策略编辑器。 在策略编辑器中，根据您的Windows版本，使用左侧导航面板导航到以下位置。
Windows Vista and Windows 7 users should use navigate to User Configuration -> Administrative Templates -> Windows Components -> Windows Explorer.
Windows Vista和Windows 7用户应使用导航到用户配置->管理模板-> Windows组件-> Windows资源管理器。
Windows 8 users should navigate to User Configuration -> Administrative Templates -> Windows Components -> File Explorer.
Windows 8用户应导航至用户配置->管理模板-> Windows组件->文件资源管理器。
Users of all three operating systems should then look in the right hand panel where the configuration settings are listed and sort the settings by name by clicking on the title of the Setting column as seen in the screenshot above. Look for the entry “Turn off caching of thumbnails in hidden thumbs.db files” and double click on it.
然后，所有三个操作系统的用户都应在右侧面板中查看配置设置，并通过单击“设置”列的标题按名称对设置进行排序，如上面的屏幕快照所示。 查找条目“关闭隐藏的thumbs.db文件中的缩略图的缓存”，然后双击它。
By default it is set to “Not Configured.” Change it to “Enabled.” Click OK to save the setting and then reboot your computer for it to take effect. Henceforth, Windows will no longer generate Thumbs.db files while browsing network drives.
默认情况下，它设置为“未配置”。 将其更改为“启用”。 单击确定以保存设置，然后重新启动计算机以使其生效。 从此以后，Windows在浏览网络驱动器时将不再生成Thumbs.db文件。
通过注册表编辑器 (Via the Registry Editor)
For users without access to the policy editor, a registry hack is required to create the same effect. Be forewarned that playing in the Windows registry is serious business, and you should triple check every change you make before committing to it.
对于无法访问策略编辑器的用户，需要使用注册表hack才能产生相同的效果。 请注意，在Windows注册表中玩游戏是很严肃的事情，在进行更改之前，您应该三重检查所做的每项更改。
To access the registry editor type “regedit.exe” in the Start Menu run box and hit enter. Where the registry key is found varies based on your version of Windows.
要访问注册表编辑器，请在“开始”菜单运行框中键入“ regedit.exe”，然后按Enter。 找到注册表项的位置因Windows版本而异。
Windows Vista and Windows 7 users need to navigate to the following registry key:
Windows Vista和Windows 7用户需要导航到以下注册表项：
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Explorer\
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Explorer\
Within that key edit the REG_DWORD entry “DisableThumbsDBOnNetworkFolders” to the value “1” (the default is 0).
在该键中，将REG_DWORD条目“ DisableThumbsDBOnNetworkFolders”编辑为值“ 1”(默认值为0)。
Windows 8 users have a trickier time of it as there is no matching key to be found in \Policies\Windows\. In order to enable the same value on Windows 8 you need to create both the missing key and the value. Navigate to this key.
Windows 8用户的时间比较麻烦，因为在\ Policies \ Windows \中找不到匹配的密钥。 为了在Windows 8上启用相同的值，您需要创建丢失的键和值。 导航到此键。
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\
Right click on the \Windows\ key and select New -> Key. Name the new key “Explorer”. Within the new key right click on the right navigation panel and select New -> DWORD. Name the DWORD entry DisableThumbsDBOnNetworkFolders. Right click on it and modify it to change the value from 0 to 1.
右键单击\ Windows \键，然后选择“新建”->“键”。 将新密钥命名为“ Explorer”。 在新键中，右键单击右侧导航面板，然后选择“新建”->“ DWORD”。 将DWORD条目命名为DisableThumbsDBOnNetworkFolders。 右键单击它，然后对其进行修改，以将值从0更改为1。
If you’re not comfortable editing an existing value or creating a new value altogether, you can create a registry file by pasting the following text into Notepad as saving the file with a “.reg” instead of a “.txt” extension. Double click on the file to annotate the registry.
如果您不满意编辑现有值或完全创建新值，则可以通过将以下文本粘贴到记事本中来创建注册表文件，方法是使用“ .reg”而不是“ .txt”扩展名保存文件。 双击文件以注释注册表。
Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Explorer] “DisableThumbsDBOnNetworkFolders”=dword:00000001
[HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Software \ Policies \ Microsoft \ Windows \ Explorer]“ DisableThumbsDBOnNetworkFolders” = dword：00000001
This registry file will work for Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Windows 8.
该注册表文件将适用于Windows Vista，Windows 7和Windows 8。
With the above edits in place you’ll no longer need to deal with finnicky Thumbs.db files on your network shares; cleaning and organizing your folders will be a smooth experience without the constant frustration of locked files.
完成上述编辑后，您将不再需要处理网络共享上的finnicky Thumbs.db文件。 清洁和整理文件夹将是一种顺畅的体验，而不会导致锁文件不断受挫。
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