获取坐标防止相机自动对焦_如何通过相机从自动对焦中获得最大收益

获取坐标防止相机自动对焦

The autofocus in modern cameras is incredible but, if you don’t know how to use it properly, it can feel random and capricious. Here’s what you need to know about autofocus to get sharply focused photos with your DSLR or mirrorless camera.

现代相机中的自动对焦功能令人难以置信，但是，如果您不知道如何正确使用它，则会感到随机和反复无常。 这是您需要了解的有关自动对焦的信息，以便使用DSLR或无反光镜相机获得清晰对焦的照片。

自动对焦的工作原理 (How Autofocus Works)

Autofocus is an essential part of modern cameras. They’re just not designed to be focused manually.

自动对焦是现代相机的重要组成部分。 他们只是没有被设计为手动聚焦。

There are somewhere between a dozen and a hundred or so dedicated autofocus sensors or points on the imaging sensors of modern DSLRs (things are a bit more complicated and software-reliant with mirrorless cameras, but the same principles hold). The autofocus points work by one of two methods: contrast detection and phase detection, although both rely on areas of edge contrast to find focus. Cambridge in Colour has a good breakdown of the process.

现代数码单反相机的成像传感器上有十几到一百个左右的专用自动聚焦传感器或点(无反光镜相机的情况有些复杂，并且需要软件，但原理相同)。 自动聚焦点通过两种方法之一进行工作：对比检测和相位检测，尽管两者都依靠边缘对比的区域来找到焦点。 剑桥在颜色方面有很好的分解过程。

The autofocus points are not positioned randomly on the sensor. There is usually a core group around the center that will be used most of the time, and then smaller groups towards the edge of the frame for when you need to focus on something that’s not right in the middle of the scene.

自动聚焦点不会随机放置在传感器上。 通常情况下，大部分时间都会在中心周围使用一个核心小组，然后在需要聚焦于场景中间不正确的东西时，将较小的小组朝着框架的边缘使用。

The three things that most determine where autofocus will focus your camera are subject brightness, subject contrast, and subject motion. Your camera will find it easier to lock onto brightly lit subjects especially if they’re against a dark background or moving. This is why autofocus performs so poorly at night.

决定相机自动对焦的重点的三件事是被摄体亮度，被摄体对比度和被摄体运动。 您的相机会发现更容易锁定明亮的物体，尤其是在黑暗背景下或运动中。 这就是为什么自动对焦在晚上表现很差的原因。

If you leave your camera to autofocus wherever it wants, it will generally lock on to the highest contract subject closest to the center of the image. If you want it to focus somewhere different, then you’ll need to take control.

如果将相机放在任何需要的地方进行自动对焦，则通常会锁定到最靠近图像中心的最高合约主体。 如果您希望它专注于其他地方，那么您将需要控制。

自动对焦点和组 (Autofocus Points and Groups)

In its default autofocus mode, your camera most likely uses all the autofocus points available to it and then, based on whatever its algorithms decide is the most likely subject, it picks a focus point or series of focus points to use. This usually is pretty good, but you don’t have a lot of control over the process, and it can focus on something random in front of or behind your subject. You can see in the photo below that the camera has focused on the tree and the model’s hand instead of her face.

在其默认自动对焦模式下，您的相机很可能会使用所有可用的自动对焦点，然后根据其算法确定最可能的拍摄对象，选择一个要使用的对焦点或一系列对焦点。 这通常是相当不错的，但是您对该过程没有太多的控制权，它可以专注于主题前后的随机事物。 您可以在下面的照片中看到相机聚焦在树和模型的手而不是她的脸上。

As well as using every autofocus point, your camera will likely offer the ability to select individual points and groups of points or areas. There’s probably a button on the back you press to switch modes and then a joystick or D-pad you use to move your selection. If you’re in doubt, check the manual.

除了使用每个自动聚焦点之外，您的相机还可能提供选择单个点以及点或区域组的功能。 您可能会在背面按下按钮以切换模式，然后使用操纵杆或D-pad来移动选择。 如有疑问，请查阅手册。

With a single autofocus point selected, your camera will only attempt to focus on whatever is directly under that point. It doesn’t matter what’s going on in the rest of the frame, that’s your subject.

选择一个自动对焦点后，相机将仅尝试聚焦在该点正下方的任何物体上。 框架的其余部分无关紧要，这就是您的主题。

Selecting a single autofocus point is the way to go when you want to nail the focus on a small subject—say, a bird or the model’s eye—in a busy scene. If your camera is at all capable of finding focus, it will only do it right under that one red dot in your viewfinder.

当您想要在繁忙的场景中将焦点固定在小物体(例如，鸟或模型的眼睛)上时，选择单个自动对焦点是可行的方法。 如果您的相机完全能够找到焦点，则只能在取景器中的那个红点正下方进行。

Groups of autofocus points or areas split the difference between using a single autofocus point—which can be awkward and lead to weird compositions—and using the whole sensor—which can be a crapshoot. You usually select between four and a dozen adjacent focus points that then work as a group. Your camera will try to focus on whatever is the most likely subject that falls under any of the selected points.

自动对焦点或区域组将使用单个自动对焦点(可能会很笨拙并导致奇怪的合成)与使用整个传感器(可能是一个小问题)之间的差异进行了划分。 通常，您可以在四个到十二个相邻对焦点之间进行选择，然后将它们作为一个组工作。 您的相机将尝试聚焦在任何选定点下最可能出现的物体上。

I usually use a group of autofocus points when I’m shooting. It gives me the flexibility to tell autofocus to target the model’s face or a group of trees but doesn’t require me to micromanage things. It’s the best middle ground.

拍摄时，我通常会使用一组自动对焦点。 它使我可以灵活地告诉自动对焦以模型的脸部或一组树木为目标，而无需我对事物进行微观管理。 这是最好的中间立场。

单，连续和混合自动对焦 (Single, Continuous, and Hybrid Autofocus)

As well as selecting an autofocus point, you also control what your camera does if the scene changes. There are three autofocus modes: single autofocus, continuous autofocus, and hybrid autofocus. We’ve looked at them in depth before, so I’ll just briefly recap here.

除了选择自动对焦点外，还可以控制场景变化时相机的操作。 共有三种自动对焦模式：单次自动对焦，连续自动对焦和混合自动对焦。 之前，我们已经深入研究了它们，因此在这里我将简要回顾一下。

• Single autofocus mode: Called One-shot AF by Canon and AF-S by Nikon, this mode focuses once and then stays locked. If your subject moves, autofocus won’t adjust automatically. It’s for landscapes and the like.

  单次自动对焦模式：佳能称为单次自动对焦，尼康称为AF-S，此模式对焦一次，然后保持锁定状态。 如果主体移动，自动对焦将不会自动调整。 它用于风景等。

• Continuous autofocus mode: Called AI Servo by Canon and AF-C by Nikon, this mode is the opposite of single autofocus mode. Your camera will continuously adjust focus to wherever it thinks it should be. It’s great for sports or wildlife photography but way too jumpy for most things.

  连续自动对焦模式：佳能将其称为AI Servo，尼康将其称为AF-C，该模式与单次自动对焦模式相反。 您的相机会不断地将焦点调整到它认为应该的位置。 它非常适合运动或野生动植物摄影，但对于大多数事情来说太过跳动了。

• Hybrid autofocus: Called AI Focus by Canon and AF-A by Nikon, this mode combines the previous two modes. As long as nothing much changes in the scene it will act like single autofocus mode. If something moves dramatically, it will shift focus like continuous autofocus. It’s a little jumpier than single autofocus for static subjects especially if there’s background movement, but along with selecting a small group of autofocus points, it can be very reliable.

  混合自动对焦：佳能将其称为AI Focus，尼康将其称为AF-A，此模式结合了前两种模式。 只要场景中没有太多变化，它将像单个自动对焦模式一样工作。 如果某件事发生剧烈移动，它将像连续自动对焦一样转移焦点。 对于静态对象，这比单次自动对焦要快一些，尤其是在有背景运动的情况下，但是与选择一小组自动对焦点一起使用时，它可以非常可靠。

自动对焦锁定 (Autofocus Lock)

On the back of your camera, there’s a button that locks the autofocus until you take a picture or press it again. On Canon cameras, it’s the button marked with an asterisk (*). On Nikon cameras, it’s labeled “AE-L.” Locking the autofocus is useful when your subject doesn’t fall directly under an autofocus point in your desired composition.

在相机的背面，有一个按钮可以锁定自动对焦，直到您拍摄照片或再次按下它为止。 在佳能相机上，它是标有星号(*)的按钮。 在尼康相机上，标签为“ AE-L”。 当您的拍摄对象没有直接落在所需构图的自动对焦点下方时，锁定自动对焦很有用。

To use it, select a single autofocus point and place it over your subject. Push the shutter button halfway to focus and then press the autofocus lock button. Now, keeping the shutter button half pressed, recompose the shot how you like it and take the picture with a perfectly in-focus subject.

要使用它，请选择一个自动对焦点并将其放在您的主题上。 半按快门按钮进行对焦，然后按自动对焦锁定按钮。 现在，半按快门按钮，以自己喜欢的方式重新构图，并以完美对焦的主体拍摄照片。

深入了解自动对焦 (Diving Deeper into Autofocus)

Autofocus keeps getting better and better, and on more professional or advanced cameras, you get more controls. While they’re far from available on every camera, the two to watch out for are eye autofocus and control over motion tracking in continuous autofocus.

自动对焦功能越来越好，在更专业或更高级的相机上，您将获得更多控制。 尽管它们并不是每个相机都可用，但要注意的两个是眼睛自动对焦和在连续自动对焦中控制运动跟踪。

With eye autofocus, your camera will lock on to people’s eyes. It’s a flagship feature of Sony’s mirrorless line up, and it’s excellent for anyone shooting portraits.

使用眼睛自动对焦，您的相机将锁定人的眼睛。 这是索尼无反镜系列的旗舰功能，非常适合拍摄人像。

Cameras designed for sports or wildlife shooters, like the Canon 7DII, let you select what sort of subjects you’re shooting and control how continuous auto-focus reacts to their movement. Different subjects move differently and require different sorts of tracking: a bird moves straight through the frame while a tennis player jinks from side-to-side. Having your autofocus set up for your subjects will significantly improve its accuracy.

佳能7DII等专为运动或野生生物射击而设计的相机，使您可以选择要拍摄的对象类型，并控制连续自动对焦对其动作的React。 不同的对象会以不同的方式移动，并需要不同的跟踪方式：一只鸟在框架中直行，而网球运动员则左右颠簸。 为主题设置自动对焦将大大提高其准确性。

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Like anything “automatic” about cameras, autofocus is at its best when you’re heavily involved in the process. Just letting your camera do its thing won’t give you the results you want.

就像任何有关相机的“自动”功能一样，当您大量参与自动对焦过程时，自动对焦是最好的。 仅仅让相机做事情就不会给您想要的结果。

Image Credits: Canon.

图片来源：佳能。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/394018/how-to-get-the-most-from-autofocus-with-your-camera/

获取坐标防止相机自动对焦