遮罩选择_如何使用Photoshop的选择和遮罩进行更精确的选择

最新推荐文章于 2023-10-08 18:26:32 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-10-08 18:26:32 发布

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原文链接：https://www.howtogeek.com/289255/how-to-make-more-precise-selections-with-photoshops-select-and-mask/

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遮罩选择

Making selections and masks is one of the most fundamental Photoshop skills. If you want to change your model’s eye color or remove a pesky photobomber, you need to be able to select only the area of the image you want to effect while keeping everything else safe.

进行选择和遮罩是Photoshop最基本的技能之一。如果您想改变模型的眼睛颜色或移除讨厌的photobomber ，则需要仅选择要影响图像的区域，同时保持其他所有内容的安全。

There are dozens of ways to create selections and masks in Photoshop, but in the June 2016 update, Adobe brought a lot of them together into one place: the Select and Mask Workspace. Let’s look at how to use it.

在Photoshop中可以使用多种方法创建选区和蒙版，但是在2016年6月的更新中，Adobe将其中的许多元素集中在一起：“选择和蒙版工作区”。让我们看看如何使用它。

For this article, I’m going to assume you have a basic understanding of how Photoshop works. If you don’t, check out our detailed eight part guide to learning Photoshop and our lesson on Layers and Masks.

对于本文，我假设您对Photoshop的工作原理有基本的了解。如果您不这样做，请阅读我们详细的8部分学习Photoshop的指南以及有关“图层和蒙版”的课程。

进入选择和遮罩工作区 (Getting to the Select and Mask Workspace)

With an image open in Photoshop, there are a few ways to get to the Select and Mask Workspace. Select the Layer you want to work with, then:

在Photoshop中打开图像后，有几种方法可以进入“选择和蒙版”工作区。选择要使用的图层，然后：

Go to Select > Select and Mask.
转到选择>选择并遮罩。
Press the keyboard shortcut Control+Alt+R (Command+Option+R on a Mac).
按下键盘快捷键Control + Alt + R(在Mac上为Command + Option + R)。
Click a selection tool like the Lasso or Quick Select tool, then and press the “Select and Mask…” button in the Options Bar.
单击选择工具，例如套索或快速选择工具，然后在选项栏中按“选择并遮罩…”按钮。
With the Layer Mask selected, click the “Select and Mask…” button in the Properties panel.
选中“图层蒙版”后，单击“属性”面板中的“选择并蒙版...”按钮。

That should take you to the main Select and Mask workspace, where most of your work will take place.

这将带您进入主要的“选择并遮罩”工作区，大部分工作将在该工作区进行。

选择和遮罩工作区 (The Select and Mask Workspace)

Once you’re in the Select and Mask Workspace, this is what you’ll see.

进入“选择并遮罩”工作区后，您将看到。

Let’s look at each part of the interface in turn.

让我们依次看一下界面的每个部分。

On the left side of the screen you’ve got the Toolbar. Instead of the full Photoshop toolset, you’re limited to the Quick Selection Tool, the Refine Edge Brush, the Brush Tool, the Lasso Tool (and underneath it, the Polygonal Lasso Tool). There are also the Hand and Zoom Tools for moving about the image.
在屏幕的左侧，有工具栏。而不是完整的Photoshop工具集，您只能使用快速选择工具，优化边缘笔刷，笔刷工具，套索工具(在其下方为多边形套索工具)。还有用于在图像上移动的“手形”和“缩放”工具。
The Tool Options bar at the top of the screen has all the options for the currently selected tool.
屏幕顶部的“工具选项”栏包含当前所选工具的所有选项。
On the right hand side of the screen you have the Properties panel. At the top of that panel, you’ll see View options. These control how the selection or mask you are creating appears. Right now, any unselected area has a red overlay. As I have not selected anything yet, my entire image has a red overlay.
在屏幕的右侧，您具有“属性”面板。在该面板的顶部，您将看到“查看”选项。这些控制着您正在创建的选择或遮罩的显示方式。现在，所有未选中的区域都具有红色覆盖。由于我尚未选择任何内容，因此我的整个图像都覆盖了红色。
Below that, you have Edge Detection, which controls the size of the areas Photoshop treats as edges.
在此之下，您将拥有边缘检测功能，该功能可控制Photoshop视为边缘的区域的大小。
Next is Global Refinements, which adjust the characteristics, like Feather or Contrast, of the selection.
接下来是全局优化，用于调整选择的特征，例如羽毛或对比度。
Finally, Output Settings determine how the selection is sent back to the regular Photoshop Workspace.
最后，输出设置确定如何将选择内容发送回常规Photoshop Workspace。

Here’s how to use those tools to make perfect selections every time.

每次使用这些工具进行完美选择的方法如下。

选择工具 (The Selection Tools)

The most important part of the Select and Mask Workspace are the selection tools. They’re what you’ll use to build your selection.

选择和蒙版工作区中最重要的部分是选择工具。它们是您用来建立选择的内容。

The Quick Select Tool works like a brush that automatically selects similar areas to where you’re painting. In the GIF below, just by painting over the bird with the Quick Select Tool I get a rough selection of everything.

快速选择工具的工作原理类似于画笔，可以自动选择与绘制位置相似的区域。在下面的GIF中，只需使用“快速选择工具”在小鸟上绘画，就可以粗略地选择所有内容。

The Refine Edge Brush tells Photoshop what areas of your image are edges. It’s great for getting better edges around soft details like the feathers in the GIF below.

“优化边缘笔刷”告诉Photoshop图像的哪些区域是边缘。这对于在柔软的细节(例如下面的GIF中的羽毛)周围获得更好的边缘非常有用。

The Brush Tool is for manually painting in a selection. If Photoshop’s automated tools aren’t giving you the selection you want or you just want to tweak something, use the Brush. It’s more time consuming but it can give you the best results.

画笔工具用于手动绘制选区。如果Photoshop的自动化工具没有为您提供所需的选择，或者您只想调整某些内容，请使用“画笔”。这比较耗时，但可以为您带来最佳效果。

By default with all three tools, when you paint you add to the selection. You can remove from the selection by holding down Alt or Option while you paint.

默认情况下，所有这三种工具都会在绘制时添加到选择中。您可以在绘画时按住Alt或Option从选择中删除。

Finally, the Lasso Tool and Polygonal Lasso Tool are for selection large areas of the image. If you use a Wacom Graphics Tablet, you can draw in a relatively accurate selection, but if you’re using a mouse or trackpad you’ll only be able to manage something very rough.

最后，套索工具和多边形套索工具用于选择图像的大区域。如果使用Wacom图形输入板，则可以绘制相对准确的选择，但是如果使用鼠标或触控板，则只能处理非常粗糙的内容。

查看模式选项 (The View Mode Options)

One of the most useful features of the Select and Mask Workspace is how it lets you use different views to see exactly what is and isn’t selected.

“选择和蒙版”工作区最有用的功能之一就是它使您可以使用不同的视图来准确查看已选择和未选择的内容。

In the View dropdown, you can select from Onion Skin, Marching Ants, Overlay, On Black, On White, Black & White, and On Layers. You can see what each option looks like below.

在“视图”下拉菜单中，可以选择“洋葱皮”，“行进蚂蚁”，“叠加”，“黑色”，“白色”，“黑白”和“图层”。您可以在下面看到每个选项的外观。

To cycle between the View Modes, press the F key on your keyboard. Depending on what you’re trying to select, each View Mode will give you a different perspective. I normally use Overlay for most things.

要在查看模式之间循环，请按键盘上的F键。根据您要选择的内容，每种查看模式都会为您提供不同的视角。我通常在大多数情况下使用覆盖图。

Some View Modes have the option to change the Color, Opacity or what the view represents. You can change that in the View Mode Options.

某些视图模式可以选择更改颜色，不透明度或视图表示的内容。您可以在查看模式选项中进行更改。

If the Show Edge checkbox is checked, Photoshop will highlight the areas it considers edges.

如果选中了“显示边缘”复选框，则Photoshop将突出显示它认为边缘的区域。

Show Original shows what the original selection looked like. High Quality Preview forces Photoshop to render a more accurate preview, although it will slow down the tools you’re using.

Show Original显示原始选择的外观。高质量预览会强制Photoshop渲染更准确的预览，尽管这会减慢您使用的工具的速度。

边缘检测选项 (Edge Detection Options)

As well as the Refine Edge Brush, you can also use the Edge Detection Options to tell Photoshop how to interpret the areas of your selection.

除了“优化边缘画笔”之外，您还可以使用“边缘检测选项”来告诉Photoshop如何解释所选区域。

The Radius determines how big an area Photoshop treats as the edge. Use a low value for hard edges and a larger one for soft edges. If you’re not sure what value to go with, just play around with the slider and see how it affects your selection.

半径确定Photoshop将边缘视为多大的区域。对于硬边使用较低的值，对于软边使用较大的值。如果您不确定要使用什么值，请使用滑块并查看它如何影响您的选择。

Smart Radius tells Photoshop to use a different radius for different parts of the selection. If you’re selecting something that has both hard and soft edges, like the bird in my example, turn Smart Radius on.

Smart Radius告诉Photoshop对选择的不同部分使用不同的半径。如果您选择的东西既有硬边又有软边，例如本例中的小鸟，请打开“智能半径”。

全球优化 (Global Refinements)

Global Refinements adjust the overall selection. Its options include the following:

全局优化会调整总体选择。它的选项包括：

Smooth evens out any jagged edges. The higher the value, the more the edges are smoothed.
平滑平整所有锯齿状边缘。值越高，边缘越平滑。
Feather softens the edges of the selection. Very few images have things with perfectly crisp edges, so adding a small amount of feathering to your selections generally makes them look more realistic.
羽毛柔化选区的边缘。很少有图像具有完全清晰的边缘，因此通常在选择中添加少量的羽毛会使它们看起来更逼真。
Contrast hardens soft edges. If the edges of the selections are too soft, add contrast to make them harder. It is basically the opposite of Feather.
对比度会变硬边缘。如果选择的边缘太柔和，请增加对比度以使其更硬。基本上与羽毛相反。
Shift Edge either pulls the selection edge in (negative values) or pushes it out (positive values). If there is a color fringe around your selection, pulling the selection in a few percent can remove it.
Shift Edge将选择边缘(负值)拉入或推出(正值)。如果选区周围有颜色条纹，将选区拉几个百分点可以将其删除。
Finally, the Clear Selection button resets the current selection and the Invert button inverts the selection; deselected areas become selected and vice versa.
最后，“清除选择”按钮将重置当前选择，而“反转”按钮将反转选择；取消选择的区域将被选中，反之亦然。

Again, if you’re not sure what exact values your selection needs, play around with the sliders and see what works well.

同样，如果您不确定选择所需的确切值，请使用滑块并查看效果如何。

输出设定 (Output Settings)

Output Settings control how the work you’ve done in Select and Mask is sent back to Photoshop.

输出设置控制如何将在“选择和蒙版”中完成的工作发送回Photoshop。

If there is a color cast on the edges, Photoshop will try to fix it if Decontaminate Colors is checked.

如果边缘上有偏色，如果选中“去污颜色”，Photoshop将尝试修复它。

From the Output To dropdown, you can select how the selection is sent to Photoshop. You can choose from:

从“输出到”下拉列表中，可以选择如何将选择内容发送到Photoshop。您可以选择：

Selection,
选择，
Layer Mask
图层蒙版
New Layer
新层
New Layer with Layer Mask
带图层蒙版的新图层
New Document
新文件
New Document with Layer Mask.
带图层蒙版的新文档。

I’d recommend using either Layer Mask or New Layer with Layer Mask.

我建议使用“图层蒙版”或“带有图层蒙版的新图层”。

放在一起：选择和掩盖工作区工作流程 (Putting It All Together: The Select and Mask Workspace Workflow)

Now that you’ve some idea as to what each part of the Select and Mask Workspace does, here’s how it all fits together into a typical workflow. I’m using this great bird photo from SamuelRodgers752 Flickr.

现在，您已经对“选择和蒙版”工作区的每个部分做了什么有了一些了解，下面介绍了如何将它们全部组合到一个典型的工作流中。我正在使用SamuelRodgers752 Flickr拍摄的这张很棒的鸟照片。

Open the image you want to edit in Photoshop and duplicate it to a new layer by going to Layer > Duplicate or using the keyboard shortcut Control+J (or Command+J on a Mac).

在Photoshop中打开要编辑的图像，然后通过转到图层>复制或使用键盘快捷键Control + J(在Mac上为Command + J)将其复制到新图层。

Enter the Select and Mask Workspace.

输入选择和蒙版工作区。

Use the Quick Select Tool to create a rough selection.

使用快速选择工具创建粗略选择。

Use the Refine Edge Brush to paint along any edges where the selection isn’t perfect.

使用“优化边缘笔刷”沿选择不完美的任何边缘进行绘制。

Use the Brush Tool, Edge Detection Options and Global Refinements to fine tune the selection. To get different perspectives, swap between the View Modes.

使用“笔刷工具”，“边缘检测选项”和“全局优化”来微调选择。要获得不同的视角，请在“视图模式”之间切换。

Select the Output Mode, such as Layer Mask, and click OK to send the selection back to Photoshop.

选择输出模式，例如“图层蒙版”，然后单击“确定”将选择内容发送回Photoshop。

Now, you can do what you like such as replace the background with a solid color or, as you can see below, I’ve added in this much more dramatic sky courtesy of Flickr user Owwe.

现在，您可以执行自己喜欢的操作，例如用纯色替换背景，或者如下所示，我在Flickr用户Owwe的帮助下添加了更加生动的天空。