摄影曝光口诀_摄影中的“向右曝光”是什么以及为什么要这么做-CSDN博客

向右曝光(ETTR)是一种数码摄影技术，旨在通过过度曝光来获取更高的图像质量。它利用数字传感器记录数据的方式，避免在暗部产生噪点。ETTR适用于RAW格式拍摄，能有效利用传感器的动态范围，尤其在高ISO时避免增加过多噪点。在后期处理中，可以通过降低曝光来恢复图像平衡。关键在于不要过曝高光，以保留细节。

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摄影曝光口诀

“Exposing to the Right” or ETTR is the idea that you should deliberately overexpose your images—or shoot to the right of the histogram—because of the technical way that a digital image sensor records data. In post-processing, you then rebalance the image. Let’s dig in.

“向右曝光”或ETTR的想法是，由于数字图像传感器记录数据的技术方式，您应故意使图像曝光过度或在直方图的右边拍摄。在后期处理中，然后重新平衡图像。让我们深入。

ETTR为什么起作用 (Why ETTR Works)

When you take a digital photo, light falls on the sensor and creates an electric charge at each photosite. The more light that hits each photosite, the stronger the electric charge there (and the brighter the pixel in the final image). The sensor records the values at each photosite and from that creates the image.

拍摄数码照片时，光线会照射在传感器上，并在每个照相位置产生电荷。入射到每个光敏部位的光越多，那里的电荷越强(最终图像中的像素越亮)。传感器记录每个光点处的值，并由此创建图像。

The problem is that the photosites respond to light in a linear fashion. The amount of charge generated at each photosite is proportional to the amount of light that hits it. Since a stop is a doubling or halving of light, the highest stop recorded uses half the discrete tonal values available. The second highest stop uses half the remaining tonal values (or 25% of the discrete tones), the third highest uses the next half (or 12.5% of the discrete tones), and so on down.

问题在于，光站点以线性方式响应光。在每个光地点产生的电荷量与照射到其上的光量成正比。由于光圈是光线的两倍或一半，因此记录的最高光圈使用了可用的离散色调值的一半。第二高的停止位使用剩余音调值的一半(或离散音调的25％)，第三高的停止位使用下一个一半(或离散音调的12.5％)，依此类推。

A comparison of how data is distributed in a RAW file (linear) versus a JPEG file (gamma corrected).

This means that the brightest areas of the image use up the bulk of the RAW image data while the dark areas are recorded with much less information. This wouldn’t matter too much if digital sensors were perfect, but they’re not: they always record a certain amount of noise as well.

这意味着图像的最亮区域会用完大部分RAW图像数据，而暗区域所记录的信息要少得多。如果数字传感器是完美的，这并不重要，但事实并非如此：它们总是也记录一定量的噪声。

And this is the issue. When you have lots of good data and low noise, you have a good signal to noise ratio. When you have a small amount of data, even with the same low amount of noise, you have a much worse signal to noise ratio. This is why digital noise is much more likely to show up in the shadows of your images.

这就是问题。当您拥有大量优质数据和低噪声时，您将拥有良好的信噪比。当您的数据量很少时，即使噪声量也一样低，信噪比也要差得多。这就是为什么数字噪点更有可能出现在图像阴影中的原因。

You can see digital noise in the dark shadowy tree.

By exposing to the right instead, you record as much of the image as possible in the tonal range that has more data. You can then rebalance everything in post.

通过向右曝光，您可以在具有更多数据的色调范围内记录尽可能多的图像。然后，您可以重新平衡发布中的所有内容。

如何使用ETTR (How to Use ETTR)

Using ETTR isn’t just a matter of overexposing every photo you shoot; you need to put some thought into it. The big things you need to remember are:

使用ETTR并不仅仅是使您拍摄的每张照片曝光过度；您需要考虑一下。您需要记住的主要事情是：

This only works if you shoot RAW. Exposing to the right does nothing for JPEG images since they automatically get converted from the RAW data by the camera. The extra data we’re looking for isn’t saved.
仅当您拍摄RAW时才有效。右边的曝光对于JPEG图像没有任何作用，因为它们会由相机自动从RAW数据转换而来。我们正在寻找的多余数据不会保存。
This only works so long as you don’t blow out your highlights. If you overexpose things too far, you will lose more data than you save. You can’t recover highlights blown to white.
这仅在您不突出亮点的情况下才有效。如果曝光过度，您丢失的数据将超过保存的数据。您无法恢复吹成白色的高光。
This works best at your cameras’ base ISO. Increasing the ISO too far, while increasing the exposure, also increases the amount of noise throughout the image.
这最适合您相机的基本ISO 。将ISO调得太远，同时增加曝光量，也会增加整个图像的噪点数量。
You have to post-process your images and properly develop the RAW file. They will look terrible as is.
您必须对图像进行后处理并正确开发RAW文件。他们看起来会很糟糕。
The histogram on your camera is based on the underlying JPEG. It’s not a truly accurate picture of what’s happening in the data, but it’s the best we’ve got without hooking up a computer and using some third-party software.
相机上的直方图基于基础JPEG。这并不是对数据中发生的事情的真正准确描述，但这是我们在不连接计算机和使用某些第三方软件的情况下所能获得的最好的结果。

With all that said, let’s look at the practice of exposing to the right.

综上所述，让我们看一下向右曝光的做法。

Start by taking a regular, balanced exposure of the scene. Either work in manual or aperture priority mode. This will be your baseline.

首先对场景进行定期，平衡的曝光。可以在手动模式或光圈优先模式下工作。这将是您的基准。

Increase the exposure by around a stop, take another photo, and check the histogram on your camera. If your highlights aren’t clipping yet, increase the exposure again and take another shot.

将曝光增加约一个档位，再拍摄一张照片，然后检查相机上的直方图。如果您的高光还没有剪裁，请再次增加曝光并拍摄另一张照片。

Once the highlights start to clip badly, decrease the exposure until you find the highest possible exposure you can take without clipping the highlights. This is the money shot.

一旦高光开始严重裁剪，请减少曝光，直到找到不裁剪高光可以拍摄的最高曝光量。这就是钱。

后处理ETTR文件 (Post Processing ETTR Files)

Unlike regularly exposed images, ETTR files look way too bright straight out of the camera. You need to open them in a RAW developer like Lightroom and decrease the exposure before they are usable. Here’s one of my ETTR shots right from my camera.

与定期曝光的图像不同，ETTR文件直接在相机外看起来太亮。您需要在诸如Lightroom之类的RAW开发器中打开它们，并降低曝光率，然后才能使用它们。这是我用相机拍摄的ETTR照片之一。

And here it is after a small amount of post-processing. I’ve also made a couple of other simple edits.

此处是经过少量的后处理。我还做了其他一些简单的编辑。

As you can see, even though the clouds are way too bright in the first image, all the wonderful data is there for me to use. If I’d shot this underexposed or at the baseline, I would have lost data in the shadows, and there’d be more noise in the final image.

如您所见，即使第一张图片中的云彩太亮，所有出色的数据都可供我使用。如果我拍摄了这个曝光不足或处于基线的图像，那么阴影中的数据将会丢失，并且最终图像中会有更多的噪点。

Exposing to the right is not something you need to do for every image. When you’re taking the time to craft a perfect shot, though, it’s a technique worth considering since maximizesses the amount of data in your RAW file.

无需为每张图像都向右曝光。但是，当您花时间制作完美的照片时，这是一项值得考虑的技术，因为它可以最大化RAW文件中的数据量。