微控制器,微处理器_8086微处理器简介

微控制器,微处理器

The 8086 microprocessor was developed to overcome the drawbacks of the 8085 microprocessor. It means that the 8086 is a successor of the 8085 microprocessor in the Intel series. Here, the number 8086 denotes the IC number of this microprocessor.

8086微处理器的开发是为了克服8085微处理器的缺点。 这意味着8086是Intel系列中8085微处理器的后继产品。 这里，数字8086表示该微处理器的IC编号。

8086微处理器的功能 (Features of 8086 microprocessor)

1. The 8086 microprocessor is a 16-bit microprocessor. What this means is that the ALU and the internal registers work with 16 bit of binary data at a time.

   8086微处理器是16位微处理器。 这意味着ALU和内部寄存器一次处理16位二进制数据。

2. It has 16 bits of the data bus. Because of this, the 8086 can read or write either 16 bit or 8 bit of data at a time.

   它具有16位数据总线。 因此，8086可以一次读取或写入16位或8位数据。

3. The 8086 microprocessor has 20 bits of address lines that can access 220 address locations.

   8086微处理器具有20位地址线，可以访问220个地址位置。

4. Each memory location is a byte-addressable memory location.

   每个存储位置都是一个可字节寻址的存储位置。

   Therefore, the total amount of memory that the 8086 microprocessor contains = 2

   因此，8086微处理器包含的内存总量= 2

   ²⁰ bytes = 1 MB

   ²⁰个字节= 1 MB

   Therefore, the 8086 can access up to 1 MB of memory.

   因此，8086最多可以访问1 MB的内存。

5. It works in the frequency range of about 5-10 MHz. (There are 3 versions of the 8086 microprocessor and each of them works in a different frequency range.)

   它在大约5-10 MHz的频率范围内工作。 (8086微处理器有3个版本，每个版本都在不同的频率范围内工作。)

6. The 8086 microprocessor works in 2 modes:

   8086微处理器以两种模式工作：

   • Maximum mode
   • Minimum mode

7. The instruction queue of the 8086 microprocessor is of 6 bytes of length. Therefore, the 8086 microprocessor can pre-fetch up to 6 instructions from the memory and queue them in order to speed up the instruction execution.

   8086微处理器的指令队列长度为6个字节。 因此， 8086微处理器可以从存储器中预取多达6条指令并将它们排队，以加快指令执行速度。

8. The 8086 microprocessor can perform only fixed-point arithmetic instructions. It means that the floating-point operations cannot be performed by it. This is a drawback of the 8086 which was later eliminated in the further series of Intel processors.

   8086微处理器只能执行定点算术指令。 这意味着不能执行浮点运算。 这是8086的缺点，后来又在其他系列的英特尔处理器中消除了。

8086微处理器的组件 (Components of 8086 microprocessor)

• The 8086 microprocessor consists of two main blocks:

  8086微处理器包含两个主要模块：

  1. Bus Interface Unit (BIU)
  2. Execution Unit (EU)

• The Bus Interface Unit (BIU) consists of the following components:

  总线接口单元(BIU)由以下组件组成：

  1. Instruction Queue
  2. Segment Registers
  3. Instruction Pointer (IP)

• The Execution Unit (EU) consists the following:

  执行单元(EU)由以下部分组成：

  1. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
  2. Control Unit
  3. General Purpose registers
  4. Index registers and pointers (except IP)
  5. Flags and Operands

翻译自: https://www.includehelp.com/embedded-system/introduction-to-8086-microprocessor.aspx

微控制器,微处理器