ip网络通信类型分为 单播_通讯网络的类型

ip网络通信类型分为 单播

Communication Networks can be of following 5 types:

通信网络可以是以下5种类型：

1. Local Area Network (LAN)

   局域网(LAN)

2. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

   城域网(MAN)

3. Wide Area Network (WAN)

   广域网(WAN)

4. Wireless

   无线

5. Inter Network (Internet)

   互联网络(互联网)

局域网(LAN) (Local Area Network (LAN))

It is also called LAN and designed for small physical areas such as an office, group of buildings or a factory. LANs are used widely as it is easy to design and to troubleshoot. Personal computers and workstations are connected to each other through LANs. We can use different types of topologies through LAN, these are Star, Ring, Bus, Tree etc.

它也称为LAN，是为小型物理区域(如办公室，建筑物群或工厂)设计的。 局域网被广泛使用，因为它易于设计和故障排除。 个人计算机和工作站通过LAN相互连接。 我们可以通过LAN使用不同类型的拓扑，这些拓扑包括星形，环形，总线，树形等。

LAN can be a simple network like connecting two computers, to share files and network among each other while it can also be as complex as interconnecting an entire building.

局域网可以是一个简单的网络，就像连接两台计算机，彼此之间共享文件和网络一样，同时也可以像互连整个建筑物一样复杂。

LAN networks are also widely used to share resources like printers, shared hard-drive etc.

局域网也广泛用于共享打印机，共享硬盘等资源。

局域网的特点 (Characteristics of LAN)

• LAN's are private networks, not subject to tariffs or other regulatory controls.

  局域网是专用网络，不受关税或其他法规控制。

• LAN's operate at relatively high speed when compared to the typical WAN.

  与典型的WAN相比，LAN的运行速度相对较高。

• There are different types of Media Access Control methods in a LAN, the prominent ones are Ethernet, Token ring.

  局域网中有不同类型的媒体访问控制方法，最主要的是以太网，令牌环。

• It connects computers in a single building, block or campus, i.e. they work in a restricted geographical area.

  它在单个建筑物，街区或校园中连接计算机，即它们在受限的地理区域内工作。

局域网的应用 (Applications of LAN)

• One of the computer in a network can become a server serving all the remaining computers called clients. Software can be stored on the server and it can be used by the remaining clients.

  网络中的一台计算机可以成为为所有其余计算机(称为客户端)提供服务的服务器。 软件可以存储在服务器上，其余客户端可以使用。

• Connecting Locally all the workstations in a building to let them communicate with each other locally without any internet access.

  在本地连接建筑物中的所有工作站，以使它们彼此之间进行本地通信而无需任何Internet访问。

• Sharing common resources like printers etc are some common applications of LAN.

  共享打印机等常用资源是局域网的一些常见应用。

局域网的优势 (Advantages of LAN)

• Resource Sharing: Computer resources like printers, modems, DVD-ROM drives and hard disks can be shared with the help of local area networks. This reduces cost and hardware purchases.

  资源共享：可以在局域网的帮助下共享打印机，调制解调器，DVD-ROM驱动器和硬盘等计算机资源。 这减少了成本和硬件购买。

• Software Applications Sharing: It is cheaper to use same software over network instead of purchasing separate licensed software for each client a network.

  软件应用程序共享：通过网络使用相同的软件比为网络的每个客户端购买单独的许可软件要便宜。

• Easy and Cheap Communication: Data and messages can easily be transferred over networked computers.

  轻松而廉价的通信：数据和消息可以轻松地通过联网的计算机进行传输。

• Centralized Data: The data of all network users can be saved on hard disk of the server computer. This will help users to use any workstation in a network to access their data. Because data is not stored on workstations locally.

  集中数据：所有网络用户的数据都可以保存在服务器计算机的硬盘上。 这将帮助用户使用网络中的任何工作站来访问其数据。 因为数据不在本地存储在工作站上。

• Data Security: Since, data is stored on server computer centrally, it will be easy to manage data at only one place and the data will be more secure too.

  数据安全性：由于数据集中存储在服务器计算机上，因此仅在一个位置即可轻松管理数据，并且数据也将更加安全。

• Internet Sharing: Local Area Network provides the facility to share a single internet connection among all the LAN users. In Net Cafes, single internet connection sharing system keeps the internet expenses cheaper.

  Internet共享：局域网提供了在所有LAN用户之间共享单个Internet连接的功能。 在Net Cafes中，单个Internet连接共享系统使Internet费用便宜。

局域网的缺点 (Disadvantages of LAN)

• High Setup Cost: Although the LAN will save cost over time due to shared computer resources, but the initial setup costs of installing Local Area Networks is high.

  高昂的安装成本：尽管由于共享计算机资源，LAN可以节省一段时间的成本，但是安装局域网的初始安装成本很高。

• Privacy Violations: The LAN administrator has the rights to check personal data files of each and every LAN user. Moreover he can check the internet history and computer use history of the LAN user.

  侵犯隐私权： LAN管理员有权检查每个LAN用户的个人数据文件。 此外，他可以检查LAN用户的互联网历史记录和计算机使用历史记录。

• Data Security Threat: Unauthorised users can access important data of an organization if centralized data repository is not secured properly by the LAN administrator.

  数据安全威胁：如果LAN管理员未正确保护集中式数据存储库，则未经授权的用户可以访问组织的重要数据。

• LAN Maintenance Job: Local Area Network requires a LAN Administrator because, there are problems of software installations or hardware failures or cable disturbances in Local Area Network. A LAN Administrator is needed at this full time job.

  LAN维护工作：局域网需要LAN管理员，因为在局域网中存在软件安装或硬件故障或电缆干扰的问题。 此全职工作需要LAN管理员。

• Covers Limited Area: Local Area Network covers a small area like one office, one building or a group of nearby buildings.

  覆盖有限区域：局域网覆盖一小部分区域，例如一个办公室，一个建筑物或一组附近的建筑物。

城域网(MAN) (Metropolitan Area Network (MAN))

It was developed in 1980s.It is basically a bigger version of LAN. It is also called MAN and uses the similar technology as LAN. It is designed to extend over the entire city. It can be means to connecting a number of LANs into a larger network or it can be a single cable. It is mainly hold and operated by single private company or a public company.

它是1980年代开发的，基本上是LAN的较大版本。 它也被称为MAN，并且使用与LAN类似的技术。 它旨在扩展到整个城市。 它可以是将多个LAN连接到更大的网络的一种方法，也可以是一条电缆。 它主要由单个私人公司或上市公司持有和经营。

城域网的特点 (Characteristics of MAN)

• It generally covers towns and cities (50 km)

  它通常覆盖城镇(50公里)

• Communication medium used for MAN are optical fibers, cables etc.

  城域网使用的通讯介质是光纤，电缆等。

• Data rates adequate for distributed computing applications.

  足够适合分布式计算应用程序的数据速率。

城域网的优势 (Advantages of MAN)

• Extremely efficient and provide fast communication via high-speed carriers, such as fibre optic cables.

  效率极高，可通过光纤电缆等高速载波进行快速通信。

• It provides a good back bone for large network and provides greater access to WANs.

  它为大型网络提供了良好的支持，并提供了对WAN的更大访问。

• The dual bus used in MAN helps the transmission of data in both directions simultaneously.

  MAN中使用的双总线有助于同时双向传输数据。

• A MAN usually encompasses several blocks of a city or an entire city.

  一个MAN通常包含一个城市或整个城市的几个街区。

城域网的缺点 (Disadvantages of MAN)

• More cable required for a MAN connection from one place to another.

  从一个地方到另一个地方的MAN连接需要更多的电缆。

• It is difficult to make the system secure from hackers and industrial espionage(spying) graphical regions.

  很难使系统免受黑客和工业间谍(间谍)图形区域的侵害。

广域网(WAN) (Wide Area Network (WAN))

It is also called WAN. WAN can be private or it can be public leased network. It is used for the network that covers large distance such as cover states of a country. It is not easy to design and maintain. Communication medium used by WAN are PSTN or Satellite links. WAN operates on low data rates.

也称为WAN。 WAN可以是私有的，也可以是公共租用的网络。 它用于覆盖长距离的网络，例如一个国家的覆盖州。 设计和维护不容易。 WAN使用的通信介质是PSTN或卫星链路。 WAN以低数据速率运行。

广域网的特点 (Characteristics of WAN)

• It generally covers large distances(states, countries, continents).

  它通常覆盖远距离(州，国家，大洲)。

• Communication medium used are satellite, public telephone networks which are connected by routers.

  使用的通信介质是通过路由器连接的卫星公共电话网络。

广域网的优势 (Advantages of WAN)

• Covers a large geographical area so long distance business can connect on the one network.

  覆盖较大的地理区域，因此长途业务可以在一个网络上进行连接。

• Shares software and resources with connecting workstations.

  与连接的工作站共享软件和资源。

• Messages can be sent very quickly to anyone else on the network. These messages can have picture, sounds or data included with them(called attachments).

  消息可以非常快速地发送给网络上的其他任何人。 这些邮件可以包含图片，声音或数据(称为附件)。

• Expensive things(such as printers or phone lines to the internet) can be shared by all the computers on the network without having to buy a different peripheral for each computer.

  网络上的所有计算机都可以共享昂贵的东西(例如打印机或连接到互联网的电话线)，而不必为每台计算机购买不同的外围设备。

• Everyone on the network can use the same data. This avoids problems where some users may have older information than others.

  网络上的每个人都可以使用相同的数据。 这样可以避免某些用户可能拥有比其他用户更早的信息的问题。

WAN的缺点 (Disadvantages of WAN)

• Need a good firewall to restrict outsiders from entering and disrupting the network.

  需要一个好的防火墙来限制外部人员进入和破坏网络。

• Setting up a network can be an expensive, slow and complicated. The bigger the network the more expensive it is.

  建立网络可能是昂贵，缓慢且复杂的。 网络越大，价格越高。

• Once set up, maintaining a network is a full-time job which requires network supervisors and technicians to be employed.

  建立网络后，维护网络是一项全职工作，需要雇用网络主管和技术人员。

• Security is a real issue when many different people have the ability to use information from other computers. Protection against hackers and viruses adds more complexity and expense.

  当许多不同的人有能力使用其他计算机上的信息时，安全性便是一个现实问题。 防范黑客和病毒会增加复杂性和费用。

无线网络 (Wireless Network)

Digital wireless communication is not a new idea. Earlier, Morse code was used to implement wireless networks. Modern digital wireless systems have better performance, but the basic idea is the same.

数字无线通信不是一个新主意。 早先， 莫尔斯电码用于实现无线网络。 现代数字无线系统具有更好的性能，但是基本思想是相同的。

Wireless Networks can be divided into three main categories:

无线网络可以分为三大类：

1. System interconnection

   系统互连

2. Wireless LANs

   无线局域网

3. Wireless WANs

   无线广域网

系统互连 (System Interconnection)

System interconnection is all about interconnecting the components of a computer using short-range radio. Some companies got together to design a short-range wireless network called Bluetooth to connect various components such as monitor, keyboard, mouse and printer, to the main unit, without wires. Bluetooth also allows digital cameras, headsets, scanners and other devices to connect to a computer by merely being brought within range.

系统互连就是使用短距离无线电互连计算机的组件。 一些公司聚集在一起设计了一个名为Bluetooth的短程无线网络，以将各种组件(例如显示器，键盘，鼠标和打印机)连接到主机，而无需使用电线。 蓝牙还允许数码相机，头戴式耳机，扫描仪和其他设备仅在一定范围内即可连接到计算机。

In simplest form, system interconnection networks use the master-slave concept. The system unit is normally the master, talking to the mouse, keyboard, etc. as slaves.

以最简单的形式，系统互连网络使用主从概念。 系统单元通常是主机 ，作为从机与鼠标，键盘等对话。

无线局域网 (Wireless LANs)

These are the systems in which every computer has a radio modem and antenna with which it can communicate with other systems. Wireless LANs are becoming increasingly common in small offices and homes, where installing Ethernet is considered too much trouble. There is a standard for wireless LANs called IEEE 802.11, which most systems implement and which is becoming very widespread.

在这些系统中，每台计算机都具有无线电调制解调器和天线 ，可以与其他系统通信。 无线局域网在小型办公室和家庭中变得越来越普遍，在小型办公室和家庭中，安装以太网被认为是太多麻烦。 无线局域网存在一种称为IEEE 802.11的标准，大多数系统都在使用该标准，并且该标准正在变得非常普及。

无线广域网 (Wireless WANs)

The radio network used for cellular telephones is an example of a low-bandwidth wireless WAN. This system has already gone through three generations.

用于蜂窝电话的无线电网络是低带宽无线WAN的示例。 该系统已经经历了三代。

• The first generation was analog and for voice only.

  第一代是模拟的，仅用于语音。

• The second generation was digital and for voice only.

  第二代是数字的，仅用于语音。

• The third generation is digital and is for both voice and data.

  第三代是数字的，用于语音和数据。

网络间 (Inter Network)

Inter Network or Internet is a combination of two or more networks. Inter network can be formed by joining two or more individual networks by means of various devices such as routers, gateways and bridges.

互联网或互联网是两个或多个网络的组合。 可以通过各种设备(例如路由器，网关和网桥)将两个或多个单独的网络连接起来，从而形成内部网络。

翻译自: https://www.studytonight.com/computer-networks/types-of-networks

ip网络通信类型分为 单播