演讲技巧_成功进行技术演讲的11个重要技巧

演讲技巧

Over five years ago I posted Tips for a Successful MSFT Presentation. Yesterday I watched the video of my Mix Presentation all the way through. It's always very painful to hear one's own voice but it's even worse to watch yourself. I never listen to my podcast and I avoid watching myself. It's like watching a person in parallel universe and it inspires self-loathing. However, if you are someone who values continuous improvement - and I am - you need to do the uncomfortable.

五年多以前，我发布了成功进行MSFT演示的提示。 昨天我一直观看我的混合演示视频。 听到自己的声音总是很痛苦，但是看着自己更糟。 我从不听播客，也避免看自己。 这就像在平行宇宙中注视一个人，并且激发了自我厌恶。 但是，如果您是重视持续改进的人-而我-是的，那么您需要做的不舒服。

Here's my five-years-later Updated Tips for a Successful Technical Presentation.

这是我五年来更新一次成功进行技术演示的技巧。

1.制定重置策略(一键式) (1. Have a Reset Strategy (One-Click))

If you're going to give a talk, you'll probably have to give it more than once. If you have demonstrations of any kind, have a "one-click" way to reset them. This might be a batch file or Powershell script that drops a modified database and reattaches a fresh one, or copies template files over ones you modify during your demo.

如果您要发表演讲，您可能不得不多次演讲。 如果您有任何示范，请使用“一键式”方式将其重置。 这可能是一个批处理文件或Powershell脚本，它会删除修改后的数据库并重新附加一个新的数据库，或者将模板文件复制到在演示过程中修改的模板文件上。

Personally, I'm sold on Virtual Machines. I have seven VMs on a small, fast portable USB drive that will let me do roughly 12 different presentations at the drop of a hat. You never know when you'll be called upon to give a demo. With a Virtual Machine I can turn on "Undo Disks" after I've prepared the talk, and my reset strategy is to just turn off the VM and select "Delete Changes." A little up-front preparation means one less thing for you to panic about the day of the talk.

就个人而言，我在虚拟机上出售。 我在一个小型，快速的便携式USB驱动器上有7个虚拟机，可以让我一口气完成大约12种不同的演示。 您永远都不知道何时会要求您进行演示。 在准备好演讲后，我可以使用虚拟机打开“撤消磁盘”，我的重置策略是仅关闭VM，然后选择“删除更改”。 进行一些前期准备就意味着您不必担心谈话的那一天。

2.了解您的感情(认真地) (2. Know Your Affectations (Ssssssseriously))

I have a bit of a lisp, it seems. I also hold my shoulders a little higher than is natural which causes my neck to tighten up. I also pick a different word, without realizing it, and overuse it in every talk. This is similar to how Microsoft Employees overuse the word "so" (which is actually Northwestern Americans, not MSFTies) too much.

看来我有些a之以鼻。 我的肩膀也比自然高一些，这会导致我的脖子收紧。 我还选择了一个没有意识到的单词，并且在每次谈话中都过度使用了它。 这类似于Microsoft员工过多使用“ so”一词(实际上是西北美国人，而不是MSFTies)。

It's important to know YOUR affectations so you can change them. They may be weakening your talk. Don't try to remember them all, though. Just pick two or three and focus on replacing them with something less detracting. Don't overanalyze or beat yourself up, though. I've spoken hundreds of times over the last 15 years and I'm always taking two-steps forward and one step back. The point is to try, not to succeed absolutely.

了解您的情感很重要，以便您可以更改它们。 他们可能会削弱您的发言权。 但是，不要试图全部记住它们。 只需选择两个或三个，然后集中精力用减少干扰的东西代替它们即可。 但是，不要过度分析或殴打自己。 在过去的15年中，我已经讲了数百次，而且我总是向前走两步，向后退一步。 关键是要尝试，而不是绝对要成功。

3.知道何时移动和何时不移动(红灯！) (3. Know When To Move and When To Not Move (Red light!))

One of the most powerful tips I ever received was this: "When you move, they look at you. When you stop, they look at the screen." Use this to your advantage. Don't pace randomly, idley or unconsciously. Don't rock back and forth on your heels. Also, empty your pockets if you tend to fiddle with lose change or your keys.

我收到的最强大的提示之一是：“当您移动时，他们看着您。当您停止时，他们看着屏幕。” 利用这个优势。 不要随意，懒惰或不自觉地步伐。 不要前后晃动。 另外，如果您倾向于找零钱或钥匙，那就把口袋掏空。

4.对于所有人的爱，字体大小，人们(看到了吗？) (4. For the Love of All That Is Holy, FONT SIZE, People (See that?))

It just tears me up. It physically makes me ill. To give a presentation and utter the words "um, you probably won't be able to see this" does everyone in the room a disservice.  Do NOT use the moment of the presentation as your time to do the font resizing.

真让我感动。 身体上让我病了。 进行演示并说出“嗯，您可能看不到这一点”，这对房间中的每个人都是不利的。 请勿将演示文稿的时间用作调整字体大小的时间。

Lucida Console, 14 to 18pt, Bold.  Consider this my gift to you.  This is the most readable, mono-spaced font out there.  Courier of any flavor or Arial (or any other proportionally spaced font) is NOT appropriate for code demonstrations, period, full stop.  Prepare your machine AHEAD OF TIME.  Nothing disrespects an audience like making them wait while you ask "Can you see this 8 point font? No? Oh, let me change it while you wait."  Setup every program you could possibly use, including all Command Prompt shortcuts, before you begin your presentation.  That includes VS.NET, Notepad, XMLSpy, and any others, including any small utilities.

Lucida Console，14至18pt，粗体。 考虑这是我给你的礼物。 这是最易读的单间距字体。 任何风格或Arial(或任何其他按比例隔开的字体)的信使都不适合代码演示，句号，句号。 提前准备机器。 当您问“您能看到这种8磅字体吗？不？哦，让我在您等待时更改它”，没有什么比敬畏听众更让人敬畏了。 在开始演示之前，请设置所有可能使用的程序，包括所有“命令提示符”快捷方式。 其中包括VS.NET，记事本，XMLSpy，以及其他任何工具，包括任何小型实用程序。

I've found that the most readable setup for Command Prompts is a Black Background and with the Foreground Text set to Kermit Green (ala "Green Screen."  Yes, I was suspicious and disbelieving also, but believe it or not, it really works.)  I set Command Prompts to Lucida Console, 14 to 18pt, Bold as well, with much success.

我发现命令提示符最易读的设置是黑色背景，并且前景文本设置为Kermit Green(ala“绿屏”。是的，我很可疑，也不相信，但不管是否相信，它确实有效。)我也将Command Prompts设置为Lucida Console(14至18pt，粗体)，并取得了很大的成功。

Also, set the font size to LARGEST in Internet Explorer and remember that there are accessibility features in IE that allow you to include your own Large Font CSS file for those web pages that force a small font via CSS.

另外，在Internet Explorer中将字体大小设置为LARGEST，并记住IE中具有可访问性功能，这些功能使您可以为那些通过CSS强制使用小字体的网页包括自己的Large Font CSS文件。

Learn how to use ZoomIt and practice before-hand. It can be an incredibly powerful tool for calling out sections of the screen and making it so even the folks way in the back can see what's going on.

了解如何使用ZoomIt并预先进行练习。 它可以调用屏幕上的各个部分并使其变得非常强大，因此即使是后面的人也可以看到正在发生的事情。

For simplicities' sake, I like to keep a separate user around call "BigFonty" (choose your own name).  He's an Administrator on the local machine and he exists ONLY for the purposes of demonstrations.  All the fonts are large for all programs, large icons, great colors, etc.  It's the easiest way to set all these settings once and always have them easily available.

为简单起见，我想在“ BigFonty”呼叫中保留一个单独的用户(选择您自己的名字)。 他是本地计算机上的管理员，并且仅出于演示目的而存在。 所有程序的所有字体，大图标，漂亮的颜色都很大。这是一次设置所有这些设置并始终易于使用的最简单方法。

5.说他们的语言(了解听众) (5. Speak their Language (Know the Audience))

When I was in Malaysia for TechEd, I spent 3 full days exclusively with locals before the talk, I learned snippets of each of the languages, tried to understand their jokes and get an idea about what was important to people in Malaysia.  American analogies, much humor, and certain "U.S. specific" English colloquialisms just didn't make any sense to them.  When it came time to give the presentations, I better understood the Malaysian sense of timing, of tone and timbre, and I began each of my presentations by speaking in Bahasa Malaysia.  I changed aspects of my slides to remove inappropriate content and add specific details that would be important to them.

当我在马来西亚参加TechEd时，我在谈话前只花了整整3天与当地人在一起，我学习了每种语言的摘要，试图理解他们的笑话，并了解对马来西亚人来说重要的事情。 美国的类比，很多幽默和某些“美国特定的”英语口语对他们来说毫无意义。 进行演讲的时候，我更好地了解了马来西亚的时机感，语气和音色，并且我的每场演讲都是在马来西亚语会上开始的。 我更改了幻灯片的各个方面，以删除不适当的内容并添加对他们很重要的特定细节。

I've used this same technique in a half-dozen countries with success. While this is an extreme example, the parallels with any audience are clear.  If you're speaking to a room full of IT guys who work in the Automotive field, or the Banking industry, the fact that we are all programmers only gives you a small degree of shared experience.  Remember no matter the technical topic, try to get into the mind of the audience and ask yourself, why are they here and what can I tell them that will not be a waste of their time.  What would YOU want to hear (and HOW would you like to hear it) if you were sitting there?

我在六个国家/地区成功使用了相同的技术。 虽然这是一个极端的例子，但与任何受众的相似之处是显而易见的。 如果您在一个充满汽车行业或银行业IT人士的会议室中讲话，那么我们都是程序员的事实只会给您带来少量的共享经验。 记住，不管技术主题如何，都应设法吸引听众的心，并问自己，他们为什么在这里，我能告诉他们什么不会浪费他们的时间。 如果您坐在那里，您想听到什么(以及您想如何听到)？

6.做好充分准备(没有任何借口) (6. Be Utterly Prepared (No excuses))

Short of an unexpected BSOD (and even then, be ready) you should be prepared for ANYTHING.  You should know EVERY inch of your demos and EXACTLY what can go wrong.  Nothing kills your credibility more than an error that you DON'T understand.  Errors and screw-ups happen ALL the time in Presentations.  They can even INCREASE your credibility if you recover gracefully and EXPLAIN what happened.  "Ah, this is a common mistake that I've made, and here's what you should watch for."  Be prepared with phrases that will turn the unfortunate incident around and provide them useful information.

如果没有意外的BSOD(即使如此，请做好准备)，您应该做好一切准备。 您应该知道演示的每一英寸，确切地会出问题。 没有比您不了解的错误更能杀死您的信誉了。 演示文稿中始终存在错误和错误。 如果您恢复正常并了解发生的事情，他们甚至可以提高您的信誉。 “啊，这是我犯的一个常见错误，这是您应该注意的。” 准备好一些短语，这些短语可以避免不幸的事件发生并为他们提供有用的信息。

7.内容，内容，内容(有一些) (7. CONTENT, CONTENT, CONTENT (Have some))

Every move, phrase, mistake, anecdote and slide should actually contain content.  It should be meaningful.  Your mistakes should teach them, your demos should teach them; even your shortcut keys, utilities and menu layout should teach them.  A presentation isn't an opportunity to read your slides.  I'll say that again. Don't READ your slides. I can read faster than you can talk.

实际上，每一步，短语，错误，轶事和幻灯片都应包含内容。 这应该是有意义的。 您的错误应该教给他们，您的演示应该教给他们； 甚至您的快捷键，实用程序和菜单布局也应该教给他们。 演示文稿不是阅读幻灯片的机会。 我再说一遍。 不要阅读幻灯片。 我的阅读速度比你说话还快。

Remember that most people can read silently to themselves 5 to 10 times faster that you can read to them out loud.  Your job as a presenter is to read in between the lines, and provide them structure.  Your slides should be treated as your outline – they are structure, scaffolding, nothing more.  If you jam your slides full of details and dozens of bullets, you might as well take your content and write an article.  It's difficult to listen to someone talk and read their slides at the same time – remember that when you design your content. YOU are the content, and your slides are your Table of Contents.

请记住，大多数人对自己的默读速度比您大声朗读的速度快5至10倍。 作为演示者，您的工作是在各行之间阅读并提供结构。 您的幻灯片应视为轮廓–它们是结构，脚手架，仅此而已。 如果您在幻灯片上塞满了很多细节和许多项目符号，则不妨考虑一下内容并写一篇文章。 很难同时听别人讲话和阅读他们的幻灯片-请记住在设计内容时。 您是内容，而幻灯片是您的目录。

8.系统设置(是唯一的，但不要发疯) (8. System Setup (Be unique, but don't be nuts))

When you a presenting, remember that you are looked upon as an authority.  Basically, you are innocent until proven guilty.  It's great to have a personality and to be unique, but don't let your personal choice of editors or crazy color scheme obscure the good information you're presenting.  I appreciate that you may like to use VI or emacs to view text files, but let's just say that sometimes Notepad has a calming effect on the audience. 

当您进行演示时，请记住您被视为权威。 基本上，在证明有罪之前，您是无辜的。 具有个性和独特性是很棒的，但是不要让您的编辑者选择或疯狂的配色方案掩盖您正在呈现的优质信息。 非常感谢您可能喜欢使用VI或emacs来查看文本文件，但是我们可以说，有时记事本会对听众产生镇静作用。

I give Microsoft talks, usually, so I tend towards Visual Studio, but 99% of my talks use a limited number of tools. Basically Visual Studio, Notepad, the Command Prompt and a Browser.

我通常会进行Microsoft演讲，所以我倾向于Visual Studio，但是我99％的演讲使用的工具数量有限。 基本上是Visual Studio，记事本，命令提示符和浏览器。

Remember that while you may prefer things a certain way while your face is a foot away from the screen, it's very likely the wrong setup when 500 people are more than 100 feet away.

请记住，当您的脸离屏幕只有一英尺的距离时，您可能会以某种方式喜欢事物，但是当500个人超过100英尺时，很可能是错误的设置。

I really like to get Toolbars and things out of the way. I use F11 (Fullscreen) in the Browser a lot, as well as Visual Studio's Shift-Alt-Enter shortcut to FullScreen. Turn off unneeded flair and toolbars. Also, turn on line-numbering so you can refer to lines if you're presenting code.

我真的很喜欢把工具栏和其他东西弄掉。 我在浏览器中经常使用F11(全屏)，以及Visual Studio的Shift-Alt-Enter进入全屏的快捷方式。 关闭不需要的样式和工具栏。 另外，打开行号，以便在演示代码时可以引用行。

9.说话(嗯...) (9. Speaking (Um…))

"Volume and Diction," my High School Drama teacher said to me.  Speak clearly, authoritatively, project your voice to the back of the room.  The best speakers don't even need microphones.  If you have a speaking affectation (I had a lisp growing up) or you tend to say, um, etc, or find yourself overusing a specific phrase ("a priori", "fantastic", "powerful", etc) take it upon yourself to NOTICE this mannerism and avoid it.

我的高中戏剧老师对我说：“音量和听写。” 说话清晰，权威，将您的声音投射到房间的后面。 最好的扬声器甚至不需要麦克风。 如果您有口头上的感情(我长大后会变得口齿不清)，或者您倾向于说，嗯等，或者发现自己过度使用了特定的短语(“先验”，“奇妙”，“强大”等)，您自己要注意并避免这种举止。

Practice multi-tasking.  It seems silly to say, but although we can all multitask to a certain degree, when we hit a real snag in a presentation, many of us tend to freeze.  Silence is deadly.  Remember, since all eyes are on you, complete silence and apparent introspection says "I don't know know what I'm doing."  When you need to get to a particular file, don't make the audience wait for you while you putter through explorer.  Have shortcuts ready (and explain when you use them).  Move fast and efficiently, but annotate your actions.  You should continue to "color-commentate" your actions like a sports announcer.  Don't allow "dead-air," unless it's silence for effect.

练习多任务。 听起来似乎很愚蠢，但是尽管我们都可以在一定程度上完成多任务，但是当我们在演示中遇到真正的障碍时，我们中的许多人都倾向于冻结。 沉默是致命的。 请记住，由于所有人的目光都注视着您，因此完全的沉默和明显的内省表示“我不知道自己在做什么”。 当您需要访问特定文件时，不要在通过资源管理器进行推杆操作时使听众等待您。 准备好快捷方式(并说明何时使用它们)。 快速高效地移动，但注释您的操作。 您应该像体育播音员一样继续对自己的动作进行“颜色注释”。 禁止“死气沉沉”，除非寂静无声。

10.前进幻灯片(无激光！) (10. Advancing Slides (No lasers!))

I always used to hate slide-advancers, you know, those little remotes with forward and backward buttons. Then I tried one and I'm hooked. I use the Microsoft Presenter Mouse 8000 and totally recommend it. It isn't just a great Bluetooth mouse, but flip it over and it's a great Powerpoint slide advancer. 

我以前一直讨厌那些带有前进和后退按钮的小型遥控器。 然后我尝试了一个，然后就迷上了。 我使用Microsoft Presenter Mouse 8000并完全推荐它。 它不仅是一款出色的蓝牙鼠标，还可以将其翻转，它是一款出色的Powerpoint幻灯片推进器。

Take a look at Al Gore's excellent presentation in "An Inconvenient Truth." It's seamless and flows. Now imagine him running over to his laptop to hit the spacebar each time he wanted to advance a slide. My presentations have gotten better as I've started incorporating this technique.

看看Al Gore在“不便的真相”中的精彩演讲。 它是无缝的且顺畅。 现在想象一下，他每次想向前滑动幻灯片时，都会跑到笔记本电脑上击打空格键。 随着我开始采用这种技术，我的演示变得越来越好。

11.保养(深层) (11. Care (deeply))

I really avoid presenting on topics that I don't care about. I avoid it like the Plague and I encourage you to do so as well. There's nothing more important that truly caring about your topic. If you care, it'll show. If you eschew all the other tips, at the very least care.

我真的避免提出我不在乎的主题。 我避免像瘟疫一样避开它，并鼓励您也这样做。 真正关心您的主题，没有什么比这更重要了。 如果您愿意，它将显示。 如果您避开所有其他提示，则至少要小心。

What are YOUR tips, Dear Reader? What tips, mantras or preparations have you used to make your presentations that much better?

亲爱的读者，您的秘诀是什么？ 您使用了哪些技巧，口头禅或准备来使演示文稿更好呢？

翻译自: https://www.hanselman.com/blog/11-top-tips-for-a-successful-technical-presentation

演讲技巧