阻止远程截屏
I've had a lot of people ask me to write up a guide to creating great technical screencasts. This is an update to my 2011 post on the same topic.
我有很多人要求我撰写有关创建出色的技术截屏视频的指南。 这是我2011年针对同一主题的帖子的更新。
你在做什么？ 停止并重申您的假设 (What are you doing? STOP and reassert your assumptions)
Hang on. You're doing a screencast or sharing your screen in some way for a meeting, presentation, or YouTube. What does that mean and why did I suggest you stop.
不挂断。 您正在以某种方式进行截屏广播或共享会议，演示文稿或YouTube的屏幕。 这是什么意思，为什么我建议您停下来。
This isn't a stage presentation or even a talk in a conference room. Screencasts and remote meetings have an intimacy to them. You're in someone's ear, in their headphones, you're 18 inches from their face. Consider how you want to be seen, how you want to be heard, and what is on your screen.
这不是舞台演示，甚至不是会议室演讲。 截屏视频和远程会议对他们具有亲密感。 您在某人的耳朵中，在他们的耳机中，与您的脸相距18英寸。 考虑一下您想如何被看到，如何被听到以及屏幕上显示了什么。
Try to apply a level of intentionality and deliberate practice. I'm not saying to micromanage, but I am saying don't just "share your screen." Put your empathy hat on and consider your audience and how it'll look and feel for them.
尝试应用一定程度的故意和故意练习。 我并不是说要进行微观管理，而是要不要仅仅“共享您的屏幕”。 戴上同情心的帽子，考虑一下听众，以及听众对他们的看法和感觉。
初始设置和工具 (Initial setup and tools)
You can use any number of tools for screen capture. They are largely the same. My preferred tool is Camtasia. Other valid tools are CamStudio (a free and open source tool) and Expression Encoder Screen Capture. You can also use OBS to record your screen and webcam.
您可以使用许多工具进行屏幕捕获。 它们基本相同。 我首选的工具是Camtasia。 其他有效工具是CamStudio(免费和开放源代码工具)和Expression Encoder Screen Capture。 您还可以使用OBS记录屏幕和网络摄像头。
When you're using Skype/Zoom/Teams to record live, you're already set as those tools will share for you as well as record.
使用Skype / Zoom / Teams进行实时录制时，已经设置好了，因为这些工具将为您共享和录制。
Windows外观 (Windows Look and Feel)
At the risk of sounding uptight, how you setup Windows and your environment is the difference between a professional and an amateurish screencast. It's shocking how many folks will start recording a screencast without changing a thing, then wonder why their 1600x1200 screencast looks bad on YouTube at 360p or low bandwidth on a phone. If you find yourself doing screencasts a lot, considering making a custom user (maybe named Screencast?) on your machine with these settings already applied. That way you can login as Screencast and your settings will stick.
专业人士和业余爱好者截屏之间的区别是，您可能会感到听起来有些紧张，如何设置Windows和环境。 令人震惊的是，有多少人将开始录制截屏视频而不进行任何更改，然后想知道为什么他们的1600x1200截屏视频在360p或手机带宽较低的YouTube上看起来很糟糕。 如果您发现自己经常进行截屏，请考虑使用已经应用了这些设置的机器来创建自定义用户(也许名为“截屏”？)。 这样，您可以登录为Screencast，设置将保持不变。
分辨率和方面 (Resolution and Aspect)
First, decide on your aspect ratio. Your laptop may have a ratio of width to height that is 3:2 or 4:3 but MOST people have a 16:9 Widescreen system? A VERY safe resolution in 2020 is 1280x720 (also known as 720p). That means that you'll be visible on everything from a low-end Android, any tablet, up to a desktop.
首先，确定您的长宽比。 您的笔记本电脑的宽高比可能是3：2或4：3，但是大多数人都拥有16：9宽屏系统吗？ 2020年非常安全的分辨率为1280x720(也称为720p)。 这意味着您将在从低端Android，任何平板电脑到台式机的所有设备上看到您。
That said, statistics show that many folks now have 1920x1080 (1080p) capable systems. But again, consider your audience. If I was presenting to a rural school district, I'd use 720 or a lower resolution. It will be smoother and use less bandwidth and you'll never have issue with things being too small. If I was presenting in a professional environment I'd use 1080p. I don't present at 4k, especially if the audience is overseas from where I am. You're pushing millions of pixels that aren't needed, slowing your message and adding no additional value.
也就是说，统计数据表明许多人现在拥有支持1920x1080(1080p)的系统。 但同样，请考虑您的听众。 如果我要去农村学区，我会使用720或更低的分辨率。 它将更加平滑，使用的带宽更少，并且永远不会因体积过小而出现问题。 如果在专业环境中进行演示，我会使用1080p。 我不会参加4k会议，特别是如果观众不在我所在地的地方。 您正在推送不需要的像素，这会减慢消息传递速度，并且不会增加任何附加值。
On Windows, consider your scale factor. At 1080p, 125% DPI is reasonable. At 720p (or 1366x768, using 100% scaling is reasonable).
在Windows上，请考虑您的比例因子。 在1080p时，DPI的125％是合理的。 在720p(或1366x768)下，使用100％缩放是合理的。
背景壁纸和图标 (Background Wallpaper and Icons)
Choose a standard looking background photo. I prefer to use one from http://unsplash.com or the defaults that come with Windows 10 or your Mac. Avoid complex backgrounds as they don't compress well during encoding. Avoid using pictures of your kids or family unless it feeds your spirit and you don't mind mixing the professional and personal. Again - be intentional. I am neither for nor against - just be conscious and decide. Don't just accept the defaults.
选择标准外观的背景照片。 我更喜欢使用http://unsplash.com上的一个或Windows 10或Mac随附的默认值。 避免使用复杂的背景，因为它们在编码过程中压缩得不好。 避免使用孩子或家人的照片，除非它能激发您的精神，并且您不介意将专业人士和个人人士混在一起。 再次-有意为之。 我既不赞成也不反对-保持意识并做出决定。 不要只接受默认值。
Hide your desktop icons. Right click your desktop and hit View | Show Desktop Items. Also consider whether we need to see your desktop at all. If it doesn’t add value, don’t show it on the screencast.
隐藏您的桌面图标。 右键点击您的桌面，然后点击查看| 显示桌面项目。 还要考虑我们是否完全需要查看您的桌面。 如果它没有增加价值，请不要在截屏视频中显示。
字型 (Fonts)
Try to use standard fonts and themes. While your preferred font and colors/themes offer personality, they can be distracting. Consider the message you want to present.
尝试使用标准字体和主题。 尽管您首选的字体和颜色/主题具有个性，但它们可能会分散注意力。 考虑要显示的消息。
If you're using Visual Studio or Visual Studio Code, remember that your audience likely hasn't changed their defaults, and if you show them something fancy, they'll be thinking about how they get that fancy widget rather than your content. In Visual Studio proper, go to Tools | Options | Environment | Fonts and Colors and click "Use Defaults."
如果您使用的是Visual Studio或Visual Studio Code，请记住，您的受众可能没有更改其默认值，并且如果您向他们展示了一些奇特的东西，他们会考虑如何获得这种奇特的小部件，而不是您的内容。 在适当的Visual Studio中，转到“工具” |“工具”。 选项| 环境| 字体和颜色，然后单击“使用默认值”。
In all your text editors, consider change your fonts to Consolas Size 15. It may seem counter-intuitive to have such large fonts but in fact this will make your code viewable even on an iPhone or Tablet.
在您所有的文本编辑器中，都考虑将字体更改为Consolas Size15。拥有如此大的字体似乎违反直觉，但实际上，即使在iPhone或平板电脑上，这也可以使您的代码可见。
Remember, most video sites, including YouTube, restrict the embedded video player size to a maximum of around 560p height, unless you go full-screen or use a pop-out. Use the font size recommended here, and use Camtasia’s zoom and highlight features during editing to call out key bits of code.
请记住，大多数视频网站(包括YouTube)都将嵌入式视频播放器的大小限制为最大560p高度，除非您进入全屏或使用弹出窗口。 使用此处建议的字体大小，并在编辑过程中使用Camtasia的缩放和突出显示功能调出代码的关键部分。
Don’t highlight code in the editor by selecting it with the mouse UNLESS you've deliberately change the selection background color. Defaults are typically hard to read editor selections in video. Instead, zoom and highlight in post production, or use ZoomIt and practice zooming and emphasizing on screen elements.
除非您故意更改选择背景颜色，否则不要通过使用鼠标选择代码来在编辑器中突出显示代码。 默认情况下，通常很难读取视频中的编辑器选择。 取而代之的是在后期制作中缩放并突出显示，或者使用ZoomIt并练习缩放和强调屏幕元素。
浏览器设定 (Browser Setup)
Unless your screencast is about using different browsers, pick a browser and stick to it. Hide your toolbars, clear your cache, history, and your autocomplete history. You'd be surprised how many inappropriate sites and autocomplete suggestions are published on the web forever and not noticed until it's too late. Don't view pr0n on your screencast machine. Be aware.
除非您的截屏视频是关于使用其他浏览器的，否则请选择一个浏览器并坚持使用它。 隐藏工具栏，清除缓存，历史记录和自动完成历史记录。 您会感到惊讶的是，有多少不适当的网站和自动完成建议永远在网上发布，直到为时已晚才被注意到。 不要在截屏机上查看pr0n。 意识到。
工具栏 (Toolbars)
Your browser shouldn't show any, and this is a good time to uninstall or hide whatever coupon-offering nonsense or McAffee pixel waster that you
'
ve stopped being able to see after all these years. Remember, default is the word of the day. Disable any Browser Extensions that aren't adding value.
您的浏览器不应该表现出任何，这是一个很好的时间来卸载或隐藏任何优惠券发行废话或MCAFFEE像素浪费你
'
已经不再是能够经过这些年看到的。 请记住，默认值是每日一词。 禁用所有不会增加价值的浏览器扩展。
If you are using Visual Studio or an IDE (Eclipse, Photoshop, etc) be aware of your toolbars. If you have made extensive customizations to your toolbars and you use them in the screencast, you are doing a great disservice to your audience. Put things to the default. If you use hotkeys, tell the audience, and use them for a reason.
如果您使用的是Visual Studio或IDE(Eclipse，Photoshop等)，请注意您的工具栏。 如果您对工具栏进行了广泛的自定义，并且在截屏中使用了它们，则对您的听众会造成极大的损害。 将内容设置为默认值。 如果您使用热键，请告诉听众，并出于某种原因使用它们。
吐司 (Toast)
You've got mail! Yay. Yes, but not during your screencast. Turn off Outlook Gmail, GChat, Twitter, Messenger, Skype, and anything else that can "pop toast" during your screencast.
你有邮件！ 好极了。 是的，但不是在截屏期间。 关闭Outlook Gmail，GChat，Twitter，Messenger，Skype以及其他所有在截屏过程中可以“吐司”的东西。
时钟和通知 (Clock and Notifications)
Go to Start on Windows 10, and search for System Icons and turn off the Clock temporarily. Why? You can't easily edit a screencast if there's a convenient time code in the corner that jumps around during your edits. Also, no one needs to know you're doing your work at 3am.
在Windows 10上转到``开始''，然后搜索``系统图标''并暂时关闭时钟。 为什么？ 如果在编辑过程中拐角处有方便的时间码，您就无法轻松地编辑截屏视频。 同样，没有人需要知道您是在凌晨3点进行工作的。
Clean out your taskbar and notification area. Anything that visually distracts, or just hide the taskbar.
清理您的任务栏和通知区域。 任何在视觉上分散注意力的东西，或只是隐藏任务栏。
音频和语音 (Audio and Voice)
Use a decent microphone. I use a Samson C01U. You can also use a USB headset-style microphone but be aware that breathing and "cotton mouth" really shows up on these. Test it! Listen to yourself! Try moving the microphone above your nose so you aren't exhaling onto it directly. Use a pop filter to help eliminate 'plosives (p's and t's). You can get them cheap at a music store.
使用体面的麦克风。 我使用的是Samson C01U。 您也可以使用USB耳机式麦克风，但要注意，这些确实显示了呼吸和“棉口”。 测试一下！ 听你自己！ 尝试将麦克风移到鼻子上方，以免直接呼气。 使用弹出式筛选器可帮助消除“爆炸词(p和t)”。 您可以在音乐商店中以便宜的价格购买它们。
Be aware of your keyboard clicks. Some folks feel strongly about whether or not your keyboard can be heard during a screencast. Ultimately it's your choice, but you have to be aware of it first, then make a conscious decision. Don't just let whatever happens happen. Think about your keyboard sound, your typing style and your microphone, and listen to it a few times and see if you like how it comes together.
请注意您的键盘点击。 有些人对截屏期间是否可以听到您的键盘有强烈的感觉。 最终，这是您的选择，但您必须首先意识到这一点，然后做出有意识的决定。 不要让任何事情发生。 考虑一下键盘声音，打字风格和麦克风，然后听几次，看看是否喜欢它们的组合。
Avoid prolonged silence. There should be ebb and flow of "I'm saying this, I'm doing that" but not 10 seconds of "watch my mouse." Speak in an upbeat but authentic tone. Be real.
避免长时间保持沉默。 应该有“我在说，我正在做”的潮起潮落，而不是“观察我的鼠标”的10秒钟。 以乐观但真实的语气说话。 这确实不假。
Also be calm and quiet. Remember you are a foot from them and you're their ear. It's a conversation with a friend, not a presentation to thousands (even if it is).
也要安静。 记住，你是他们的脚，你是他们的耳朵。 这是与朋友的对话，而不是成千上万的演示(即使是演示)。
Don’t apologize or make excuses for mistakes – either work them in as something to learn from, or remove them completely.
不要为错误而道歉或找借口–要么将它们作为一种可学习的东西，要么将其完全消除。
If you are editing the presentation - If you make a mistake when speaking or demonstrating, clap your hands or cough loudly into the mic and wait a second before starting that portion over. When editing, the mistakes will show up as loud audio spikes, making it easy to find them.
如果您正在编辑演示文稿，请执行以下操作：如果您在演讲或演示时出错，请拍手或大声咳嗽，并等待一秒钟，然后再开始演奏该部分。 编辑时，错误将显示为声音尖峰，从而很容易找到它们。
Camtasia has decent automatic noise reduction. Use it. You’ll be surprised how much background noise your room has that you, but not your audience, will easily tune out.
Camtasia具有不错的自动降噪功能。 用它。 您会惊讶于房间中有多少背景噪音会被您轻松地调出，而不是听众。
If you must overdub a portion of the audio, sit in the same position you did while recording the original, and have the mic in the same spot. You want your voice to blend in seamlessly.
如果您必须对音频进行部分配音，请与录制原始音频时的位置相同，并使麦克风位于同一位置。 您希望您的声音无缝融合。
预录的首选视频输出 (Preferred Video Output for Prerecords)
Your screen capture tool should be produced at the highest reasonable quality as it will be compressed later when it's uploaded. Think of it like producing JPEGs. You can make a 5 megabyte JPG, but often a 500k one will do. You can make a 10 gig screen capture if you use uncompressed AVI encoding, but often a high bit rate MP4 will do.
屏幕捕获工具应以合理的最高质量生产，因为稍后将在上载时对其进行压缩。 可以将其视为产生JPEG。 您可以制作5 MB的JPG，但通常可以制作500k的JPG。 如果您使用未压缩的AVI编码，则可以进行10 gig的屏幕捕获，但是通常会使用高比特率的MP4。
The trick is to remember that your compressed screencast will be recompressed (copies of copies) when it is run through the encoding process.
诀窍是要记住，压缩的截屏视频在编码过程中运行时将被重新压缩(副本的副本)。
Edit your screencast, if you do, in its recorded native resolution which hopefully is what you'll publish to as well. That means, record at 1080p, edit at 1080p, and publish at 1080p. Let YouTube or your final destination do the squishing to smaller resolutions.
如果需要，以录制的本机分辨率编辑截屏，如果希望的话，您也希望将其发布。 也就是说，以1080p录制，以1080p编辑和以1080p发布。 让YouTube或您的最终目的地将其压缩为较小的分辨率。
Personally, I like to know what's going on in my production process so I always select things like "Custom production settings" in Camtasia rather than presets. Ultimately you'll need to try and find what works for you. Use an H.264 encoder with a high bitrate for the video and 44.1kHz/441000Hz 16 bit mono for the audio. Basically make a decently sized MP4 and it should work everywhere.
就个人而言，我想知道生产过程中发生了什么，因此我总是选择Camtasia中的“自定义生产设置”之类的东西，而不是预设。 最终，您将需要尝试找到适合您的方法。 对视频使用高比特率的H.264编码器，对音频使用44.1kHz / 441000Hz 16位单声道。 基本上制作一个大小合适的MP4，它应该可以在任何地方使用。
你有足够的带宽吗？ (Do you have enough bandwidth?)
In my opinion, if you are doing a live call with Video and Screensharing and you want it to be high definition, you'll need 4 Mbps upstream from your connection. You can check this at http://speedtest.net. If you have 5-6 Mbps you've got a little more headroom. However, if someone in the house decides to get on Netflix, you could have an issue. Know your bandwidth limitations ahead of time. If it's an important stream, can you dedicate your bandwidth to just your one machine? Check out QoS (quality of service) on your router, or better yet, take your kids' iPads away! ;)
我认为，如果您正在通过视频和屏幕共享进行实时通话，并且希望将其高清化，则您的连接需要上行4 Mbps。 您可以在http://speedtest.net上进行检查。 如果您有5-6 Mbps，那么您还有更多的余量。 但是，如果家里有人决定上Netflix，那么您可能会遇到问题。 提前了解您的带宽限制。 如果这是重要的信息流，您是否可以将带宽专用于一台机器？ 在路由器上检查QoS(服务质量)，或者更好的是，带走孩子们的iPad！ ;)
结论 (Conclusion)
Take some time. I put about an hour of work into a 15 min screencast. Your mileage may vary. Watch your video! Listen to it, and have your friends listen to it. Does it look smooth? Sound smooth? Is it viewable on a small device AND a big screen? Does it FEEL good?
花点时间我花了一个小时的时间进行15分钟的截屏。 你的旅费可能会改变。 观看视频！ 听，让你的朋友听。 看起来光滑吗？ 听起来流畅吗？ 在小型设备和大屏幕上可以看到吗？ 感觉还好吗？
阻止远程截屏
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