envi景观格局变化分析_浏览器景观的地震变化：我们现在要去的地方

envi景观格局变化分析

The last few weeks have witnessed a series of major web technology announcements from Google, Microsoft and Opera. Understanding what these changes means for developers requires a little background on how browsers are made.

过去几周，谷歌，微软和Opera宣布了一系列重大的网络技术公告。 了解这些更改对开发人员意味着什么，需要对浏览器的制作方法有一点了解。

“Closed” development is associated with corporate culture: hire hundreds of paid programmers, lock them in cubicles for years, and release proprietary software versions. Microsoft’s Internet Explorer was a product of this process: a monolithic black box.

“封闭式”开发与企业文化相关：雇用数百名付费程序员，将他们锁定在小隔间中多年，并发布专有软件版本。 微软的Internet Explorer就是这个过程的产物：一个整体的黑匣子。

Open source, on the other hand, accepts code from anyone who is willing to contribute to a project. The results tend to be far more changeable and unpredictable. Open source products evolve in a manner akin to software ecology: projects swap code liberally, often becoming so specialized that they branch out into their own species. Firefox, Chrome and Safari are, to various degrees, open source projects.

另一方面，开放源代码接受愿意为项目做出贡献的任何人的代码。 结果趋于更加多变和不可预测。 开源产品的发展方式类似于软件生态：项目自由地交换代码，通常变得如此专业，以至于分支到自己的物种中。 Firefox，Chrome和Safari在不同程度上都是开源项目。

Well-run and active open source projects issue new versions nightly; closed-source typically releases working code every few months.

运行良好且活跃的开源项目每晚发布新版本。 封闭源代码通常每几个月发布一次工作代码。

What’s happened in the last few weeks is a dramatic re-alignment of both open and closed-source browser technologies. A simple evolutionary tree would look like this:

最近几周发生的事情是开源和封闭源代码浏览器技术的戏剧性调整。 一个简单的进化树如下所示：

Some highlights of this process:

此过程的一些要点：

• Google’s “Blink” is simply another fork in the long evolution of the Webkit layout engine, which was itself derived from an earlier open source project. It’s important to understand that forking is a transitional process: the most recent version of Chrome has a growing number of Blink components, and the code developed for it will be open to adoption by the Webkit team if they choose to use it. However, the nature of open source implies that that Blink and Webkit will drift apart as their codebases become more diverse.

  谷歌的“眨眼”仅仅是Webkit布局引擎长期发展的又一个分支，该引擎本身是从早期的开源项目衍生而来的。 重要的是要了解分叉是一个过渡过程：最新版本的Chrome具有越来越多的Blink组件，为此开发的代码将可供Webkit团队采用，如果他们选择使用的话。 但是，开放源代码的性质意味着Blink和Webkit将随着它们的代码库变得越来越多样化而逐渐分离。

• The Blink development team have stated that they do not intend to create a new vendor prefix for the browser. In fact, there is a general consensus that they will use as few CSS prefixes as possible in the rendering engine. Where necessary, Blink will use –webkit prefixes.

  Blink开发团队已声明，他们不打算为浏览器创建新的供应商前缀 。 实际上，人们普遍认为，它们将在渲染引擎中使用尽可能少CSS前缀。 必要时，Blink将使用–webkit前缀。

• Chrome will carry on using the same branding, look and feel: it’s the engine under the hood that is changing, not the bodywork.

  Chrome将继续使用相同的品牌，外观和感觉：它是正在发生变化引擎盖，而不是车身下侧的发动机 。

• Opera technologies will be merged into Blink, and any future browser operating under the Opera badge will use the Blink rendering engine, rather than Webkit.
  Opera技术将合并到Blink中，将来任何以Opera徽标操作的浏览器都将使用Blink呈现引擎，而不是Webkit。

• Meanwhile the Mozilla Foundation and Samsung are working on Servo, a completely new layout engine designed for multi-core processors built on the Rust programming language.  While not yet integrated into Firefox, the suite of technologies would seem to be a natural fit for future products.

  同时，Mozilla Foundation和Samsung正在研究Servo ，这是一种全新的布局引擎，专为基于Rust编程语言的多核处理器而设计。 虽然尚未集成到Firefox中，但该技术套件似乎很适合将来的产品。

• Microsoft deserves credit for delivering Microsoft Edge, a browser that will recieve regular automatic updates and is strongly standards-aware while remaining backwards-compatible with sites developed for Internet Explorer. The general consensus is that the new browser has a lot of work to do before it becomes competitve with Chrome and Firefox, but it is a significant step in the right direction, and is being developed by people I know and trust.
  Microsoft值得赞扬的是提供了Microsoft Edge，该浏览器将接受定期的自动更新，并且具有高度的标准意识，同时仍与为Internet Explorer开发的网站向后兼容。 人们普遍认为，新浏览器在与Chrome和Firefox竞争之前，还有很多工作要做，但这是朝着正确方向迈出的重要一步，并且是由我认识和信任的人开发的。

There are many reasons behind these titanic changes in the browser landscape, but the outcomes appear positive: greater browser diversity, more standards-aware code, a better experience on mobile devices, and an increasing emphasis on speed, security, and efficiency.

浏览器格局出现如此巨大变化的原因很多，但结果却是积极的：浏览器的多样性，更多标准代码，对移动设备的更好体验以及对速度，安全性和效率的日益重视。

翻译自: https://thenewcode.com/683/Seismic-Changes-To-The-Browser-Landscape-Where-Were-Headed-Now

envi景观格局变化分析