前言
FAT 文件系统 在嵌入式系统中常用.
这里提供使用FAT文件系统的说明.
一、嵌入式系统中使用FAT
本次详解的环境:
- 物理磁盘是NORFLASH,容量大小是5M,扇区大小是4K
- 使用的FAT是:FAT12
二、使用步骤
1.f_mkfs 来创建文件系统
调用方式:
//先把物理逻辑磁盘号码,设定好.比如:1就是NORFLASH
const TCHAR driverNumberBuffer[3U] = {1 + '0', ':', '/'};
BYTE work[4*1024];
//通过 f_mkfs在NOR上创建文件系统.
/*
FRESULT f_mkfs (
const TCHAR* path, // 磁盘号
BYTE opt, // 格式化的类型:FAT12
DWORD au, // 格式化时,要设置的簇大小，以字节为单位
void* work, // 用户提供的buffer
UINT len // 用户提供的buffer的大小，以字节为单位
)
#define FM_FAT 0x01
#define FM_FAT32 0x02
#define FM_EXFAT 0x04
#define FM_ANY 0x07
#define FM_SFD 0x08
*/
f_mkfs(driverNumberBuffer, FM_ANY, 0, work, sizeof(work));：
代码详解
FRESULT f_mkfs (
const TCHAR* path, /* 磁盘号 Logical drive number */
BYTE opt, /* 格式化的类型 Format option */
DWORD au, /* 格式化时,要设置的簇大小，以字节为单位 Size of allocation unit (cluster) [byte] */
void* work, /* 用户提供的buffer Pointer to working buffer (null: use heap memory) */
UINT len /* 用户提供的buffer的大小，以字节为单位 Size of working buffer [byte] */
)
{
//FAT区域大小
const UINT n_fats = 1; /* Number of FATs for FAT/FAT32 volume (1 or 2) */
//默认目录个数
const UINT n_rootdir = 512; /* Number of root directory entries for FAT volume */
//簇的大小.单位是4K.
static const WORD cst[] = {1, 4, 16, 64, 256, 512, 0}; /* Cluster size boundary for FAT volume (4Ks unit) */
static const WORD cst32[] = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 0}; /* Cluster size boundary for FAT32 volume (128Ks unit) */
BYTE fmt, sys, *buf, *pte, pdrv, part;
//扇区大小
WORD ss; /* Sector size */
DWORD szb_buf, sz_buf, sz_blk, n_clst, pau, sect, nsect, n;
DWORD b_vol, b_fat, b_data; /* Base LBA for volume, fat, data */
DWORD sz_vol, sz_rsv, sz_fat, sz_dir; /* Size for volume, fat, dir, data */
UINT i;
int vol;
DSTATUS stat;
#if FF_USE_TRIM || FF_FS_EXFAT
DWORD tbl[3];
#endif
/* Check mounted drive and clear work area */
//获取磁盘逻辑号码:1
vol = get_ldnumber(&path); /* Get target logical drive */
if (vol < 0) return FR_INVALID_DRIVE;
if (FatFs[vol]) FatFs[vol]->fs_type = 0; /* Clear the volume if mounted */
//计算磁盘号:pdrv=1
pdrv = LD2PD(vol); /* Physical drive */
//part = 0
part = LD2PT(vol); /* Partition (0:create as new, 1-4:get from partition table) */
/* Check physical drive status */
//初始化:NOR磁盘
stat = disk_initialize(pdrv);
if (stat & STA_NOINIT) return FR_NOT_READY;
if (stat & STA_PROTECT) return FR_WRITE_PROTECTED;
//获取块大小:sz_blk=1
if (disk_ioctl(pdrv, GET_BLOCK_SIZE, &sz_blk) != RES_OK || !sz_blk || sz_blk > 32768 || (sz_blk & (sz_blk - 1))) sz_blk = 1; /* Erase block to align data area */
#if FF_MAX_SS != FF_MIN_SS /* Get sector size of the medium if variable sector size cfg. */
//扇区大小:SS=4096
if (disk_ioctl(pdrv, GET_SECTOR_SIZE, &ss) != RES_OK) return FR_DISK_ERR;
if (ss > FF_MAX_SS || ss < FF_MIN_SS || (ss & (ss - 1))) return FR_DISK_ERR;
#else
//扇区大小:SS=4096
//ss = FF_MAX_SS;
ss = get_sector_size(vol);
#endif
if ((au != 0 && au < ss) || au > 0x1000000 || (au & (au - 1))) return FR_INVALID_PARAMETER; /* Check if au is valid */
//簇大小:几个扇区组成:=0
au /= ss; /* Cluster size in unit of sector */
/* Get working buffer */
#if FF_USE_LFN == 3
if (!work) { /* Use heap memory for working buffer */
//for (szb_buf = MAX_MALLOC, buf = 0; szb_buf >= ss && !(buf = ff_memalloc(szb_buf)); szb_buf /= 2) ;
for (szb_buf = MAX_MALLOC, buf = 0; szb_buf >= ss && !(get_szb_buf(&buf,szb_buf)); szb_buf /= 2) ;
sz_buf = szb_buf / ss; /* Size of working buffer (sector) */
} else
#endif
{
buf = (BYTE*)work; /* Working buffer */
//工作buf是几个扇区组成 =1
sz_buf = len / ss; /* Size of working buffer (sector) */
//工作buf是几个byte组成=4096
szb_buf = sz_buf * ss; /* Size of working buffer (byte) */
}
if (!buf || sz_buf == 0) return FR_NOT_ENOUGH_CORE;
/* Determine where the volume to be located (b_vol, sz_vol) */
if (FF_MULTI_PARTITION && part != 0) {
/* Get partition information from partition table in the MBR */
if (disk_read(pdrv, buf, 0, 1) != RES_OK) LEAVE_MKFS(FR_DISK_ERR); /* Load MBR */
if (ld_word(buf + BS_55AA) != 0xAA55) LEAVE_MKFS(FR_MKFS_ABORTED); /* Check if MBR is valid */
pte = buf + (MBR_Table + (part - 1) * SZ_PTE);
if (pte[PTE_System] == 0) LEAVE_MKFS(FR_MKFS_ABORTED); /* No partition? */
b_vol = ld_dword(pte + PTE_StLba); /* Get volume start sector */
sz_vol = ld_dword(pte + PTE_SizLba); /* Get volume size */
} else {
/* Create a single-partition in this function */
//扇区个数:sz_vol:0x500= 256 *(5)
if (disk_ioctl(pdrv, GET_SECTOR_COUNT, &sz_vol) != RES_OK) LEAVE_MKFS(FR_DISK_ERR);
//开始使用扇区位置b_vol:63=3F
b_vol = (opt & FM_SFD) ? 0 : 63; /* Volume start sector */
if (sz_vol < b_vol) LEAVE_MKFS(FR_MKFS_ABORTED);
//剩余可以使用的容量(扇区个数):0x500-0x3F=0x4c1
sz_vol -= b_vol; /* Volume size */
}
if (sz_vol < 128) LEAVE_MKFS(FR_MKFS_ABORTED); /* Check if volume size is >=128s */
/* Pre-determine the FAT type */
//判断FAT 类型.默认判断是FAT16
do {
if (FF_FS_EXFAT && (opt & FM_EXFAT)) { /* exFAT possible? */
if ((opt & FM_ANY) == FM_EXFAT || sz_vol >= 0x4000000 || au > 128) { /* exFAT only, vol >= 64Ms or au > 128s ? */
fmt = FS_EXFAT; break;
}
}
if (au > 128) LEAVE_MKFS(FR_INVALID_PARAMETER); /* Too large au for FAT/FAT32 */
if (opt & FM_FAT32) { /* FAT32 possible? */
if ((opt & FM_ANY) == FM_FAT32 || !(opt & FM_FAT)) { /* FAT32 only or no-FAT? */
fmt = FS_FAT32; break;
}
}
if (!(opt & FM_FAT)) LEAVE_MKFS(FR_INVALID_PARAMETER); /* no-FAT? */
fmt = FS_FAT16;
} while (0);
{ /* Create an FAT/FAT32 volume */
do {
//pau = au = 1
pau = au;
/* Pre-determine number of clusters and FAT sub-type */
//判断出簇 大小
if (fmt == FS_FAT32) { /* FAT32 volume */
if (pau == 0) { /* au auto-selection */
n = sz_vol / 0x20000; /* Volume size in unit of 128KS */
for (i = 0, pau = 1; cst32[i] && cst32[i] <= n; i++, pau <<= 1) ; /* Get from table */
}
n_clst = sz_vol / pau; /* Number of clusters */
sz_fat = (n_clst * 4 + 8 + ss - 1) / ss; /* FAT size [sector] */
sz_rsv = 32; /* Number of reserved sectors */
sz_dir = 0; /* No static directory */
if (n_clst <= MAX_FAT16 || n_clst > MAX_FAT32) LEAVE_MKFS(FR_MKFS_ABORTED);
} else { /* FAT volume */
//pau是0的时候,自动计算出pau值.结果是pau =1
if (pau == 0) { /* au auto-selection */
n = sz_vol / 0x1000; /* Volume size in unit of 4KS */
for (i = 0, pau = 1; cst[i] && cst[i] <= n; i++, pau <<= 1) ; /* Get from table */
}
//簇个数=扇区大小/个数 = n_clst = 4c1
n_clst = sz_vol / pau;
//计算出需要几个簇来存储FAT信息
if (n_clst > MAX_FAT12) {
n = n_clst * 2 + 4; /* FAT size [byte] */
} else {
//FAT12;需要1.5个byte来基础磁盘使用情况
fmt = FS_FAT12;
//n=1 一个簇就可以表示完剩余的磁盘容量情况 n=0x725
n = (n_clst * 3 + 1) / 2 + 3; /* FAT size [byte] */
}
//fat需要几个扇区 sz_fat =1
sz_fat = (n + ss - 1) / ss; /* FAT size [sector] */
//fat 个数
sz_rsv = 1; /* Number of reserved sectors */
//文件数量(目录个数默认值0x200个)需要的扇区个数:sz_dir = 4个
sz_dir = (DWORD)n_rootdir * SZDIRE / ss; /* Rootdir size [sector] */
}
//b_fat:fat扇区位置b_vol:3f sz_rsv:1 =b_fat = 0x40
b_fat = b_vol + sz_rsv; /* FAT base */
//保存数据扇区位置:b_data = 0x40 +1 +4 =0x45
b_data = b_fat + sz_fat * n_fats + sz_dir; /* Data base */
/* Align data base to erase block boundary (for flash memory media) */
//扇区/簇 对齐 . 由于擦除是按块来的,所以在此进行调整:需要让保留区、fat表的要占完整的一个块
n = ((b_data + sz_blk - 1) & ~(sz_blk - 1)) - b_data; /* Next nearest erase block from current data base */
if (fmt == FS_FAT32) { /* FAT32: Move FAT base */
sz_rsv += n; b_fat += n;
} else { /* FAT: Expand FAT size */
sz_fat += n / n_fats; /* 单位为扇区 */
}
/* Determine number of clusters and final check of validity of the FAT sub-type */
if (sz_vol < b_data + pau * 16 - b_vol) LEAVE_MKFS(FR_MKFS_ABORTED); /* Too small volume */
//n_clst = 0x4bb =(0x4c1 - 1 - 1*1 -4) / 1
n_clst = (sz_vol - sz_rsv - sz_fat * n_fats - sz_dir) / pau;
if (fmt == FS_FAT32) {
if (n_clst <= MAX_FAT16) { /* Too few clusters for FAT32 */
if (au == 0 && (au = pau / 2) != 0) continue; /* Adjust cluster size and retry */
LEAVE_MKFS(FR_MKFS_ABORTED);
}
}
if (fmt == FS_FAT16) {
if (n_clst > MAX_FAT16) { /* Too many clusters for FAT16 */
if (au == 0 && (pau * 2) <= 64) {
au = pau * 2; continue; /* Adjust cluster size and retry */
}
if ((opt & FM_FAT32)) {
fmt = FS_FAT32; continue; /* Switch type to FAT32 and retry */
}
if (au == 0 && (au = pau * 2) <= 128) continue; /* Adjust cluster size and retry */
LEAVE_MKFS(FR_MKFS_ABORTED);
}
if (n_clst <= MAX_FAT12) { /* Too few clusters for FAT16 */
if (au == 0 && (au = pau * 2) <= 128) continue; /* Adjust cluster size and retry */
LEAVE_MKFS(FR_MKFS_ABORTED);
}
}
if (fmt == FS_FAT12 && n_clst > MAX_FAT12) LEAVE_MKFS(FR_MKFS_ABORTED); /* Too many clusters for FAT12 */
/* Ok, it is the valid cluster configuration */
break;
} while (1);
/* Create FAT VBR .创建分区的DBR.保存在0x3f扇区中*/
mem_set(buf, 0, ss);
mem_cpy(buf + BS_JmpBoot, "\xEB\xFE\x90" "MSDOS5.0", 11);/* Boot jump code (x86), OEM name */
st_word(buf + BPB_BytsPerSec, ss); /* Sector size [byte] */
buf[BPB_SecPerClus] = (BYTE)pau; /* Cluster size [sector] */
st_word(buf + BPB_RsvdSecCnt, (WORD)sz_rsv); /* Size of reserved area */
buf[BPB_NumFATs] = (BYTE)n_fats; /* Number of FATs */
st_word(buf + BPB_RootEntCnt, (WORD)((fmt == FS_FAT32) ? 0 : n_rootdir)); /* Number of root directory entries */
if (sz_vol < 0x10000) {
st_word(buf + BPB_TotSec16, (WORD)sz_vol); /* Volume size in 16-bit LBA */
} else {
st_dword(buf + BPB_TotSec32, sz_vol); /* Volume size in 32-bit LBA */
}
buf[BPB_Media] = 0xF8; /* Media descriptor byte */
st_word(buf + BPB_SecPerTrk, 63); /* Number of sectors per track (for int13) */
st_word(buf + BPB_NumHeads, 255); /* Number of heads (for int13) */
st_dword(buf + BPB_HiddSec, b_vol); /* Volume offset in the physical drive [sector] */
if (fmt == FS_FAT32) {
st_dword(buf + BS_VolID32, GET_FATTIME()); /* VSN */
st_dword(buf + BPB_FATSz32, sz_fat); /* FAT size [sector] */
st_dword(buf + BPB_RootClus32, 2); /* Root directory cluster # (2) */
st_word(buf + BPB_FSInfo32, 1); /* Offset of FSINFO sector (VBR + 1) */
st_word(buf + BPB_BkBootSec32, 6); /* Offset of backup VBR (VBR + 6) */
buf[BS_DrvNum32] = 0x80; /* Drive number (for int13) */
buf[BS_BootSig32] = 0x29; /* Extended boot signature */
mem_cpy(buf + BS_VolLab32, "NO NAME " "FAT32 ", 19); /* Volume label, FAT signature */
} else {
st_dword(buf + BS_VolID, GET_FATTIME()); /* VSN */
st_word(buf + BPB_FATSz16, (WORD)sz_fat); /* FAT size [sector] */
buf[BS_DrvNum] = 0x80; /* Drive number (for int13) */
buf[BS_BootSig] = 0x29; /* Extended boot signature */
mem_cpy(buf + BS_VolLab, "NO NAME " "FAT ", 19); /* Volume label, FAT signature */
}
st_word(buf + BS_55AA, 0xAA55); /* Signature (offset is fixed here regardless of sector size) */
if (disk_write(pdrv, buf, b_vol, 1) != RES_OK) LEAVE_MKFS(FR_DISK_ERR); /* Write it to the VBR sector */
/* Create FSINFO record if needed */
if (fmt == FS_FAT32) {
disk_write(pdrv, buf, b_vol + 6, 1); /* Write backup VBR (VBR + 6) */
mem_set(buf, 0, ss);
st_dword(buf + FSI_LeadSig, 0x41615252);
st_dword(buf + FSI_StrucSig, 0x61417272);
st_dword(buf + FSI_Free_Count, n_clst - 1); /* Number of free clusters */
st_dword(buf + FSI_Nxt_Free, 2); /* Last allocated cluster# */
st_word(buf + BS_55AA, 0xAA55);
disk_write(pdrv, buf, b_vol + 7, 1); /* Write backup FSINFO (VBR + 7) */
disk_write(pdrv, buf, b_vol + 1, 1); /* Write original FSINFO (VBR + 1) */
}
/* Initialize FAT area */
//保存FAT信息(磁盘使用信息)初始化fat表
mem_set(buf, 0, (UINT)szb_buf);
sect = b_fat; /* FAT start sector */
//n_fats=1 初始化FAT扇区. 如果是需要备份的话需要循环的
for (i = 0; i < n_fats; i++) { /* Initialize FATs each */
if (fmt == FS_FAT32) {
st_dword(buf + 0, 0xFFFFFFF8); /* Entry 0 */
st_dword(buf + 4, 0xFFFFFFFF); /* Entry 1 */
st_dword(buf + 8, 0x0FFFFFFF); /* Entry 2 (root directory) */
} else {
st_dword(buf + 0, (fmt == FS_FAT12) ? 0xFFFFF8 : 0xFFFFFFF8); /* 目录项0 .Entry 0 and 1 */
}
//sz_fat=1=FAT表的大小
nsect = sz_fat; /* Number of FAT sectors */
do { /* Fill FAT sectors */
//FAT扇区的个数(大小)
n = (nsect > sz_buf) ? sz_buf : nsect;
//对FAT 0x40 进行初始化
if (disk_write(pdrv, buf, sect, (UINT)n) != RES_OK) LEAVE_MKFS(FR_DISK_ERR);
mem_set(buf, 0, ss);
//获取下一个FAT的扇区位置
sect += n; nsect -= n;
} while (nsect);
}
/* Initialize root directory (fill with zero) */
//初始化 目录扇区 nsect = 4
nsect = (fmt == FS_FAT32) ? pau : sz_dir; /* Number of root directory sectors */
do {
n = (nsect > sz_buf) ? sz_buf : nsect;
if (disk_write(pdrv, buf, sect, (UINT)n) != RES_OK) LEAVE_MKFS(FR_DISK_ERR);
sect += n; nsect -= n;
} while (nsect);
}
/* Determine system ID in the partition table */
/* 5.在分区的第0号扇区写入MBR */
if (FF_FS_EXFAT && fmt == FS_EXFAT) {
sys = 0x07; /* HPFS/NTFS/exFAT */
} else {
if (fmt == FS_FAT32) {
sys = 0x0C; /* FAT32X */
} else {
if (sz_vol >= 0x10000) {
sys = 0x06; /* FAT12/16 (large) */
} else {
sys = (fmt == FS_FAT16) ? 0x04 : 0x01; /* FAT16 : FAT12 */
}
}
}
/* Update partition information */
if (FF_MULTI_PARTITION && part != 0) { /* Created in the existing partition */
/* Update system ID in the partition table */
if (disk_read(pdrv, buf, 0, 1) != RES_OK) LEAVE_MKFS(FR_DISK_ERR); /* Read the MBR */
buf[MBR_Table + (part - 1) * SZ_PTE + PTE_System] = sys; /* Set system ID */
if (disk_write(pdrv, buf, 0, 1) != RES_OK) LEAVE_MKFS(FR_DISK_ERR); /* Write it back to the MBR */
} else { /* Created as a new single partition */
if (!(opt & FM_SFD)) { /* Create partition table if in FDISK format */
mem_set(buf, 0, ss);
st_word(buf + BS_55AA, 0xAA55); /* MBR signature */
pte = buf + MBR_Table; /* Create partition table for single partition in the drive */
pte[PTE_Boot] = 0; /* Boot indicator */
pte[PTE_StHead] = 1; /* Start head */
pte[PTE_StSec] = 1; /* Start sector */
pte[PTE_StCyl] = 0; /* Start cylinder */
pte[PTE_System] = sys; /* System type */
n = (b_vol + sz_vol) / (63 * 255); /* (End CHS may be invalid) */
pte[PTE_EdHead] = 254; /* End head */
pte[PTE_EdSec] = (BYTE)(((n >> 2) & 0xC0) | 63); /* End sector */
pte[PTE_EdCyl] = (BYTE)n; /* End cylinder */
st_dword(pte + PTE_StLba, b_vol); /* Start offset in LBA */
st_dword(pte + PTE_SizLba, sz_vol); /* Size in sectors */
if (disk_write(pdrv, buf, 0, 1) != RES_OK) LEAVE_MKFS(FR_DISK_ERR); /* Write it to the MBR */
}
}
if (disk_ioctl(pdrv, CTRL_SYNC, 0) != RES_OK) LEAVE_MKFS(FR_DISK_ERR);
LEAVE_MKFS(FR_OK);
}
2.f_mount 挂在文件系统
f_mount函数就是读出MBR扇区的内容放入FATFS结构图中，供以后使用。
从f_mount函数分析中可知,find_volume()函数才是挂载的核心代码，
FRESULT f_mount (
FATFS* fs, /* Pointer to the filesystem object (NULL:unmount)*/
const TCHAR* path, /* Logical drive number to be mounted/unmounted */
BYTE opt /* Mode option 0:Do not mount (delayed mount), 1:Mount immediately */
)
{
FATFS *cfs;
int vol;
FRESULT res;
const TCHAR *rp = path;
/* Get logical drive number */
//vol = 1
vol = get_ldnumber(&rp);
if (vol < 0) return FR_INVALID_DRIVE;
//cfs = 00
cfs = FatFs[vol]; /* Pointer to fs object */
if (cfs) {
cfs->fs_type = 0; /* Clear old fs object */
}
if (fs) {
fs->fs_type = 0; /* Clear new fs object */
}
//保存 FatFs[1] = fs 文件系统
/* 把用户分配的FATFS结构图放入全局数组指针中 */
FatFs[vol] = fs; /* Register new fs object */
if (opt == 0) return FR_OK; /* Do not mount now, it will be mounted later */
/* 这个函数才是挂载时的关键所在 */
res = find_volume(&path, &fs, 0); /* Force mounted the volume */
LEAVE_FF(fs, res);
}
find_volume:
1)读取第一个扇区的信息(就是MBR) ,进行验证是否正常
2)读取第0x3F扇区的信息 ,反映到FAT结构体信息中去.
static
FRESULT find_volume ( /* FR_OK(0): successful, !=0: any error occurred */
const TCHAR** path, /* Pointer to pointer to the path name (drive number) */
FATFS** rfs, /* Pointer to pointer to the found filesystem object */
BYTE mode /* !=0: Check write protection for write access */
)
{
BYTE fmt, *pt;
int vol;
DSTATUS stat;
DWORD bsect, fasize, tsect, sysect, nclst, szbfat, br[4];
WORD nrsv;
FATFS *fs;
UINT i;
/* Get logical drive number */
*rfs = 0;
vol = get_ldnumber(path);
if (vol < 0) return FR_INVALID_DRIVE;
/* Check if the filesystem object is valid or not */
/* 1.找到用户分配的FATFS结构体 */
fs = FatFs[vol]; /* Get pointer to the filesystem object */
if (!fs) return FR_NOT_ENABLED; /* Is the filesystem object available? */
*rfs = fs; /* Return pointer to the filesystem object */
mode &= (BYTE)~FA_READ; /* Desired access mode, write access or not */
/* 判定磁盘当前状态,如果磁盘被初始化过,那么就判定是挂载过了,直接返回OK */
if (fs->fs_type != 0) { /* If the volume has been mounted */
stat = disk_status(fs->pdrv);
if (!(stat & STA_NOINIT)) { /* and the physical drive is kept initialized */
if (!FF_FS_READONLY && mode && (stat & STA_PROTECT)) { /* Check write protection if needed */
return FR_WRITE_PROTECTED;
}
return FR_OK; /* The filesystem object is valid */
}
}
/* The filesystem object is not valid. */
/* Following code attempts to mount the volume. (analyze BPB and initialize the filesystem object) */
/* 2.进行FATFS结构体填充 */
fs->fs_type = 0; /* Clear the filesystem object */
fs->pdrv = LD2PD(vol); /* Bind the logical drive and a physical drive */
/* 2.1初始化磁盘 */
stat = disk_initialize(fs->pdrv); /* Initialize the physical drive */
if (stat & STA_NOINIT) { /* Check if the initialization succeeded */
return FR_NOT_READY; /* Failed to initialize due to no medium or hard error */
}
if (!FF_FS_READONLY && mode && (stat & STA_PROTECT)) { /* Check disk write protection if needed */
return FR_WRITE_PROTECTED;
}
/* Find an FAT partition on the drive. Supports only generic partitioning rules, FDISK and SFD. */
bsect = 0;
/* 2.2 check_fs()函数会把磁盘的第1个扇区(就是MBR)读入到fs->win[]数组中, 判断MBR是否是合法的MBR*/
fmt = check_fs(fs, bsect); /* Load sector 0 and check if it is an FAT-VBR as SFD */
if (fmt == 2 || (fmt < 2 && LD2PT(vol) != 0)) { /* Not an FAT-VBR or forced partition number */
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) { /* Get partition offset */
pt = fs->win + (MBR_Table + i * SZ_PTE);
br[i] = pt[PTE_System] ? ld_dword(pt + PTE_StLba) : 0;
}
i = LD2PT(vol); /* Partition number: 0:auto, 1-4:forced */
if (i != 0) i--;
do { /* Find an FAT volume */
bsect = br[i];
//check_fs(fs, 0x3f): 读取第0x3f扇区数据
fmt = bsect ? check_fs(fs, bsect) : 3; /* Check the partition */
} while (LD2PT(vol) == 0 && fmt >= 2 && ++i < 4);
}
if (fmt == 4) return FR_DISK_ERR; /* An error occured in the disk I/O layer */
if (fmt >= 2) return FR_NO_FILESYSTEM; /* No FAT volume is found */
/* An FAT volume is found (bsect). Following code initializes the filesystem object */
{
//验证 第一个扇区的内容是否是正常的.
//读取第0x3F扇区的信息 ,反映到FAT结构体中.
if (ld_word(fs->win + BPB_BytsPerSec) != SS(fs)) return FR_NO_FILESYSTEM; /* (BPB_BytsPerSec must be equal to the physical sector size) */
fasize = ld_word(fs->win + BPB_FATSz16); /* Number of sectors per FAT */
if (fasize == 0) fasize = ld_dword(fs->win + BPB_FATSz32);
//同时会把第一个扇区的部分信息,反映到FAT结构体中.
fs->fsize = fasize;
fs->n_fats = fs->win[BPB_NumFATs]; /* Number of FATs */
if (fs->n_fats != 1 && fs->n_fats != 2) return FR_NO_FILESYSTEM; /* (Must be 1 or 2) */
fasize *= fs->n_fats; /* Number of sectors for FAT area */
fs->csize = fs->win[BPB_SecPerClus]; /* Cluster size */
if (fs->csize == 0 || (fs->csize & (fs->csize - 1))) return FR_NO_FILESYSTEM; /* (Must be power of 2) */
fs->n_rootdir = ld_word(fs->win + BPB_RootEntCnt); /* Number of root directory entries */
if (fs->n_rootdir % (SS(fs) / SZDIRE)) return FR_NO_FILESYSTEM; /* (Must be sector aligned) */
tsect = ld_word(fs->win + BPB_TotSec16); /* Number of sectors on the volume */
if (tsect == 0) tsect = ld_dword(fs->win + BPB_TotSec32);
nrsv = ld_word(fs->win + BPB_RsvdSecCnt); /* Number of reserved sectors */
if (nrsv == 0) return FR_NO_FILESYSTEM; /* (Must not be 0) */
/* Determine the FAT sub type */
sysect = nrsv + fasize + fs->n_rootdir / (SS(fs) / SZDIRE); /* RSV + FAT + DIR */
if (tsect < sysect) return FR_NO_FILESYSTEM; /* (Invalid volume size) */
nclst = (tsect - sysect) / fs->csize; /* Number of clusters */
if (nclst == 0) return FR_NO_FILESYSTEM; /* (Invalid volume size) */
fmt = 0;
if (nclst <= MAX_FAT32) fmt = FS_FAT32;
if (nclst <= MAX_FAT16) fmt = FS_FAT16;
if (nclst <= MAX_FAT12) fmt = FS_FAT12;
if (fmt == 0) return FR_NO_FILESYSTEM;
/* Boundaries and Limits */
fs->n_fatent = nclst + 2; /* Number of FAT entries */
fs->volbase = bsect; /* Volume start sector */
fs->fatbase = bsect + nrsv; /* FAT start sector */
fs->database = bsect + sysect; /* Data start sector */
if (fmt == FS_FAT32) {
if (ld_word(fs->win + BPB_FSVer32) != 0) return FR_NO_FILESYSTEM; /* (Must be FAT32 revision 0.0) */
if (fs->n_rootdir != 0) return FR_NO_FILESYSTEM; /* (BPB_RootEntCnt must be 0) */
fs->dirbase = ld_dword(fs->win + BPB_RootClus32); /* Root directory start cluster */
szbfat = fs->n_fatent * 4; /* (Needed FAT size) */
} else {
if (fs->n_rootdir == 0) return FR_NO_FILESYSTEM; /* (BPB_RootEntCnt must not be 0) */
fs->dirbase = fs->fatbase + fasize; /* Root directory start sector */
szbfat = (fmt == FS_FAT16) ? /* (Needed FAT size) */
fs->n_fatent * 2 : fs->n_fatent * 3 / 2 + (fs->n_fatent & 1);
}
if (fs->fsize < (szbfat + (SS(fs) - 1)) / SS(fs)) return FR_NO_FILESYSTEM; /* (BPB_FATSz must not be less than the size needed) */
#if !FF_FS_READONLY
/* Get FSInfo if available */
fs->last_clst = fs->free_clst = 0xFFFFFFFF; /* Initialize cluster allocation information */
fs->fsi_flag = 0x80;
#if (FF_FS_NOFSINFO & 3) != 3
if (fmt == FS_FAT32 /* Allow to update FSInfo only if BPB_FSInfo32 == 1 */
&& ld_word(fs->win + BPB_FSInfo32) == 1
&& move_window(fs, bsect + 1) == FR_OK)
{
fs->fsi_flag = 0;
if (ld_word(fs->win + BS_55AA) == 0xAA55 /* Load FSInfo data if available */
&& ld_dword(fs->win + FSI_LeadSig) == 0x41615252
&& ld_dword(fs->win + FSI_StrucSig) == 0x61417272)
{
#if (FF_FS_NOFSINFO & 1) == 0
fs->free_clst = ld_dword(fs->win + FSI_Free_Count);
#endif
#if (FF_FS_NOFSINFO & 2) == 0
fs->last_clst = ld_dword(fs->win + FSI_Nxt_Free);
#endif
}
}
#endif /* (FF_FS_NOFSINFO & 3) != 3 */
#endif /* !FF_FS_READONLY */
}
fs->fs_type = fmt; /* FAT sub-type */
fs->id = ++Fsid; /* Volume mount ID */
#if FF_FS_RPATH != 0
fs->cdir = 0; /* Initialize current directory */
#endif
return FR_OK;
}
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