BP神经网络实现手写数字识别

import numpy as np
from sklearn.datasets import load_digits
from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelBinarizer
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.metrics import classification_report,confusion_matrix
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# 载入数据
digits = load_digits()
print(digits.images.shape)

# 显示图片
plt.imshow(digits.images[0],cmap='gray')
plt.show()
plt.imshow(digits.images[1],cmap='gray')
plt.show()
plt.imshow(digits.images[2],cmap='gray')
plt.show()

# 数据
X = digits.data
# 标签
y = digits.target
print(X.shape)
print(y.shape)
print(X[:3])
print(y[:3])

# 定义一个神经网络，结构：64-100-10
# 定义输入层到隐藏层之间的权值矩阵
V = np.random.random((64,100))*2-1
# 定义隐藏层到输出层之间的权值矩阵
W = np.random.random((100,10))*2-1

# 数据切分
# 1/4为测试集，3/4为训练集
X_train,X_test,y_train,y_test = train_test_split(X,y)

# 标签二值化 
# 0->1000000000
# 3->0001000000
# 9->0000000001
labels_train = LabelBinarizer().fit_transform(y_train)
print(y_train[:5])
print(labels_train[:5])

# 激活函数
def sigmoid(x):
    return 1/(1+np.exp(-x))

# 激活函数的导数
def dsigmoid(x):
    return x*(1-x)

# 训练模型
def train(X,y,steps=10000,lr=0.11):
    global V,W
    for n in range(steps+1):
        # 随机选取一个数据
        i = np.random.randint(X.shape[0])
        # 获取一个数据
        x = X[i]
        x = np.atleast_2d(x)  #把样本转成二维数组，(做矩阵乘法)
        # BP算法公式
        # 计算隐藏层的输出
        L1 = sigmoid(np.dot(x,V))
        # 计算输出的输出
        L2 = sigmoid(np.dot(L1,W))
        # 计算L2_delta，L1_delta
        L2_delta = (y[i]-L2)*dsigmoid(L2)
        L1_delta = L2_delta.dot(W.T)*dsigmoid(L1)
        # 更新权值
        W += lr*L1.T.dot(L2_delta)
        V += lr*x.T.dot(L1_delta)
        
        # 每训练1000次预测一次准确率
        if n%1000==0:
            output = predict(X_test)
            predictions = np.argmax(output,axis=1)
            acc = np.mean(np.equal(predictions,y_test))
            print('steps:',n,'accuracy:',acc)

def predict(x):
    # 计算隐藏层的输出
    L1 = sigmoid(np.dot(x,V))
    # 计算输出的输出
    L2 = sigmoid(np.dot(L1,W))
    return L2

train(X_train,labels_train,30000)

#打印各个类别的评价指标
output = predict(X_test)
predictions = np.argmax(output,axis=1)
print(classification_report(predictions,y_test))

#打印混淆矩阵
print(confusion_matrix(predictions,y_test))