scala总结(1) -- trait， object, class等相关概念

trait:

  Serve as interfaces in Scala, can only have def inside, not val.  但不同于interface的是， trait可以含有具体实现供其他类extend时直接使用

  trait implements:

  class A extends B with C1 with C2...  

  when use extends for trait, no override needs to be written

  when a class extends from multiple trait, if multiple traits have some methods that more than 1 of them overrides, the order of trait matters.

  

  

  Functions can also be defined as trait or object like

  trait Fun1[A, B] {

       def apply(x : A):B

  }

  apply is the default method for the function

object:

object in Scala:

     object XXX {}  will build a natural singleton class. and the methods inside object will always be “static”. *good fit for utility functions’ residence.

 

  How to implement static methods inside a normal class? 

  do:

          class A {

          //some methods

          }

          object A {

             //some static methods

          }

  As long as 2 classes are in one file, they can access each other.

class:

Class in Scala:

default getters and setters, no need to override it unless needed:

     def age = privateAge

     def age_=(newValue: Int) {}

val elements will not have default setters as “val” cannot be changed

use  @BeanProperty to get Java style getXXX and setXX

Constructor:

     primary constructor: directly shown in parameters after the class name

     secondary constructor: called this.  must refer primary one or other secondary constructors, secondary constructor will not be able to call super.