scala总结（2）-- 集合类型

pattern matching 生成list 或是vector等的技巧：

case class: a class that can use cases pattern

e match {

  case p1 => exp1

  case p2 => exp2

...

}

a match exception will be thrown if no match were found

p1 .. pn these patterns:

use constructor to make sure the class, like Num(n)  then you can use n, or Num(_), _ means everything. or Num(1)

--

for () yield will generate a collection, like Vector

someList.map(someMethod) will do the same

if the method generate some collections, like List, then map will generate List(List). To fully use List, use flatMap. e.g.: 

val names = List(“Peter”, “Paul")

def foo(s:String) = Vectot(s.toUpperCase(), s.toLowerCase())

names.map(foo)   generate List(Vector(“PETER”, “peter”), Vector(“PAUL”, “paul"))

name.flatMap(foo) generate List(“PETER”, “peter”, “PAUL”, “paul")

其他集合类型的基本用法：

List in Scala:

val test = List(1,2,3)

val test2 = List(List(0,1,2), List(1,2,3), List(2,3,4))

Vector in Scala

val test = Vector(1,2,3)

near to random access, support all vector operations except :: is replaced by +: or :+ where : will point to sequences like x +: xs

Pair in Scala:

val pair = (“answer”, 42)  

//get pair content

val (a, b) = pair

//a = “string” b = 42

can be expanded to n-tuple

Map in Scala:

     iterating pairs in map:    

          for ((k, v) <- map ) process k and v

     iterating keys:

           scores.keySet // A set such as Set("Bob", "Cindy", "Fred", "Alice")

     iterating values:

           for (v <- scores.values) println(v)

==>

Tuple in Scala:      

     val t = (1, 3.14, "Fred")

     val second = t._2 // Sets second to 3.14, start indexing at 1!

    generating Tuple from Array:  

          val symbols = Array("<", "-", ">")

          val counts = Array(2, 10, 2)

          val pairs = symbols.zip(counts)

          //yields:

          Array(("<", 2), ("-", 10), (">", 2))