Volatile 代码片段及英语学习

czhf0002

于 2022-06-05 10:24:48 发布

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文章标签：多线程 java 编程语言设计模式面试

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/czhf0002/article/details/125139477

版权

package com.zgs.volatiletest;


public class VolatileTest {
    private static volatile int COUNTER = 0;


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ChangeListener().start();
        new ChangeMaker().start();
    }


    static class ChangeListener extends Thread {
        public void run() {
            int threadValue = COUNTER;
            while (threadValue < 5) {
                if (threadValue != COUNTER) {
                    System.out.println("Got Change for COUNTER /监听到变化: " + COUNTER);
                    threadValue = COUNTER;
                }
            }
        }
    }


    static class ChangeMaker extends Thread {
        public void run() {
            int threadValue = COUNTER;
            while (COUNTER < 5) {
                System.out.println("Incrementing COUNTER to /增加COUNTER到: " + (threadValue + 1));
                COUNTER = ++threadValue;
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(500);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

第一段 COUNTER 被volatile修饰，一个线程监听，一个线程让值增加，得到结果如下：

第二段：

只去掉 volatile 关键字，其他代码不改动

private static int COUNTER = 0;

只去掉 volatile 关键字，奇怪的事情发生了，监听的线程只监听到1次变化，可能不同的电脑运行的结果不一样。他没有时间从主内存中完全同步COUNTER值，导致得不到5，一直卡在这里。

第三段：

在第二段的基础上，将监听线程增加代码，睡眠5毫秒，其他不变

static class ChangeListener extends Thread {
        public void run() {
            int threadValue = COUNTER;
            while (threadValue < 5) {
                if (threadValue != COUNTER) {
                    System.out.println("Sleep 5ms, Got Change for COUNTER /监听到变化: " + COUNTER);
                    threadValue = COUNTER;
                }try {
                    Thread.sleep(5);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

此时的结果：

为啥呢？

这段代码，线程休息了5ms，让出 CPU 有机会把最新的数据从主内存同步到高速缓存中，线程唤醒后重新加载变量，于是得到了 COUNTER 的变化。(但是如果监听线程睡眠超大于等于500ms，可能也会加载不到其中某个值，睡过头了，没赶上趟，我电脑的情况如下：)

volatile 关键字的作用，它确保对于这个变量的写入和读取，都会同步到主内存，而不是从 Cache 缓存中读取。

之前在网上查出来的这个关键字的作用，是保证可见性。怎么保证可见性，不知道😄。

这里直接从计算机内存读写的角度，把这个关键字给讲了，多一个角度的理解

《徐文浩 · 深入浅出计算机组成原理》学习记录

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I see no use quarreling with fate.

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v.抓紧；攥紧