Java DES 加解密

DES(Data Encryption Standard)是一种对称加密方式，加密和解密使用相同的密钥。

在DES中，使用了一个 56 位的密钥以及附加的8位奇偶校验位，产生最大64 位的分组大小。加密过程中，将加密的文本块分成两半。使用子密钥对其中一半应用循环功能，然后将输出与另一半进行“异或”运算；接着交换这两半。循环往复。DES 使用16个循环，但最后一个循环不交换。

如果加密的时候使用随机生成的密钥并未保存，解密将因为没有密钥而无法进行。

基本步骤：
1. 获取密钥(KeyGenerator或者SecretKeyFactory)
2. 读取输入流为字节数组。
3. 实例化Cipher并指定模式（加密或解密等）和密钥
4. 加解密并产生输出流

public class DESHelper {
	private static String keyFileName = "des_key.xml"; // 密钥文件名
	private static final String ALGORITHM = "DES"; // 加密算法名
	private static final SecureRandom sr = new SecureRandom(); // 强加密随机数生成器

	// 测试方法
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 加解密字符串
		byte[] encryptedObj = encryptStr("心有灵犀一点通", "astronomer");
		System.out.println(new String(encryptedObj));
		byte[] decryptedObj = decrypt(encryptedObj, "astronomer");
		System.out.println(new String(decryptedObj));

		// 加解密文件
		encryptFile("plain.txt", "plain_encrypt.txt", "astronomer");
		decryptFile("plain_encrypt.txt", "plain_encrypt_decrypt.txt", "astronomer");

		// 使用保存的key加解密字符串
		byte[] encryptedObj = encryptStr("春天花会开");
		System.out.println(new String(encryptedObj));
		byte[] decryptedObj = decrypt(encryptedObj);
		System.out.println(new String(decryptedObj));
	}

	// 保存生成的密钥
	public static void storeSecretKey() {
		FileOutputStream out = null;
		ObjectOutputStream oout = null;
		try {
			KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
			keyGenerator.init(sr);
			SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
			out = new FileOutputStream(keyFileName);
			oout = new ObjectOutputStream(out);
			oout.writeObject(secretKey);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			try {
				oout.close();
				out.close();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}

	// 获取保存的密钥
	public static SecretKey loadSecretKey() {
		SecretKey secretKey = null;
		try {
			FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(keyFileName);
			ObjectInputStream oin = new ObjectInputStream(in);
			secretKey = (SecretKey)oin.readObject();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return secretKey;
	}

	// 生成密钥。由于每次产生的密钥都不同，不适合实际使用。
	private static SecretKey generateSecretKey() {
		KeyGenerator keyGenerator = null;
		try {
			keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance(ALGORITHM); // Get the key generator
		} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

		return keyGenerator.generateKey(); // Generate the secret key
	}

	// 根据密码的消息摘要和DESKeySpec生成密钥。
	private static SecretKey generateSecretKey(String key) {
		SecretKey secretKey = null;
		try {
			MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
			byte[] bytes = key.getBytes();
			md.update(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
			byte[] mdBytes = md.digest(); // Generate 16 bytes
			byte[] truncatedBytes = Arrays.copyOf(mdBytes, 8); // Fetch 8 bytes for DESKeySpec
			DESKeySpec keySpec = new DESKeySpec(truncatedBytes);
			SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
			secretKey = keyFactory.generateSecret(keySpec);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

		return secretKey;
	}

	// 根据密码和keyGenerator生成密钥。
	private static SecretKey generateSecretKey2(String key) {
		KeyGenerator keyGenerator = null; 
		try {
			keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance(ALGORITHM); // Get the key generator
			SecureRandom sr = new SecureRandom(key.getBytes()); // Instantiate an instance of SecureRandom
			keyGenerator.init(sr);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return keyGenerator.generateKey();
	}

	// 根据密码加密文件。
	public static void encryptFile(String file, String newFile, String key) {
		SecretKey secretKey = generateSecretKey(key);
		encryptFile(file, newFile, secretKey);
	}

	public static void encryptFile(String file, String newFile) {
		File keyFile = new File(keyFileName);
		if (!keyFile.exists()) {
			storeSecretKey();
		}
		SecretKey secretKey = loadSecretKey();
		encryptFile(file, newFile, secretKey);
	}

	private static void encryptFile(String file, String newFile, SecretKey secretKey) {	
		InputStream in = null;
		CipherInputStream cin = null;
		OutputStream out = null;
		try {
			Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
			cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey, sr);
			in = new FileInputStream(file);
			cin = new CipherInputStream(in, cipher);
			out = new FileOutputStream(newFile);
			byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
			int count = 0;
			while ((count = cin.read(buffer)) > 0) {
				out.write(buffer, 0, count);			
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			try {
				cin.close();
				in.close();
				out.close();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}

	// 根据密码解密文件。
	public static void decryptFile(String file, String newFile, String key) {
		SecretKey secretKey = generateSecretKey(key);
		decryptFile(file, newFile, secretKey);
	}

	public static void decryptFile(String file, String newFile) {
		File keyFile = new File(keyFileName);
		if (!keyFile.exists()) {
			storeSecretKey();
		}
		SecretKey secretKey = loadSecretKey();
		decryptFile(file, newFile, secretKey);
	}	

	private static void decryptFile(String file, String newFile, SecretKey secretKey) {
		InputStream in = null;
		CipherOutputStream cout = null;
		OutputStream out = null;
		try {
			Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
			cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey, sr);
			in = new FileInputStream(file);
			out = new FileOutputStream(newFile);
			cout = new CipherOutputStream(out, cipher);
			byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
			int count = 0;
			while ((count = in.read(buffer)) > 0) {
				cout.write(buffer, 0, count);			
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			try {
				cout.close();
				out.close();
				in.close();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}

	// 加密字符串。
	public static byte[] encryptStr(String str) {
		byte[] bytes = str.getBytes();
		File keyFile = new File(keyFileName);
		if (!keyFile.exists()) {
			storeSecretKey();
		}
		SecretKey secretKey = loadSecretKey();
		return encrypt(bytes, secretKey);
	}

	// 根据密码加密字符串。
	public static byte[] encryptStr(String str, String key) {
		byte[] bytes = str.getBytes();
		SecretKey secretKey = generateSecretKey(key);
		return encrypt(bytes, secretKey);
	}

	// 根据密码加密字节数组。
	public static byte[] encrypt(byte[] bytes, String key) {
		SecretKey secretKey = generateSecretKey(key);
		return encrypt(bytes, secretKey);
	}

	// 加密字节数组。	
	public static byte[] encrypt(byte[] bytes) {
		File keyFile = new File(keyFileName);
		if (!keyFile.exists()) {
			storeSecretKey();
		}
		SecretKey secretKey = loadSecretKey();
		return encrypt(bytes, secretKey);
	}

	private static byte[] encrypt(byte[] bytes, SecretKey secretKey) {
		byte[] encryptedObj = null;

		try {
			Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM); // Get the cipher
			cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
			encryptedObj = cipher.doFinal(bytes);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

		return encryptedObj;
	}

	// 解密字符串。
	public static byte[] decryptStr(String str) {
		byte[] bytes = str.getBytes();
		File keyFile = new File(keyFileName);
		if (!keyFile.exists()) {
			storeSecretKey();
		}
		SecretKey secretKey = loadSecretKey();
		return decrypt(bytes, secretKey);
	}

	// 根据密码解密字符串。
	public static byte[] decryptStr(String str, String key) {
		byte[] bytes = str.getBytes();
		SecretKey secretKey = generateSecretKey(key);
		return decrypt(bytes, secretKey);
	}

	// 根据密码解密字节数组。
	public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] bytes, String key) {
		SecretKey secretKey = generateSecretKey(key);
		return decrypt(bytes, secretKey);
	}

	// 解密字节数组。
	public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] bytes) {
		File keyFile = new File(keyFileName);
		if (!keyFile.exists()) {
			storeSecretKey();
		}
		SecretKey secretKey = loadSecretKey();
		return decrypt(bytes, secretKey);
	}

	private static byte[] decrypt(byte[] bytes, SecretKey secretKey) {
		byte[] decryptedObj = null;

		try {
			Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM); // Get the cipher
			cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
			decryptedObj = cipher.doFinal(bytes);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

		return decryptedObj;
	}