今天对《spring技术内幕》一书中有关IOC容器实现的章节做一个简单总结。
IOC容器的设计与实现
- IoC容器设计中，两个主要的接口
1）BeanFactory：可以理解为IoC容器的抽象，提供了ioc容器的最基本API。
2）ApplicationContext：IoC容器的高级形态，在基础IoC容器上加了许多特性。
从继承图来理解：
DefaultListableBeanFactory是IoC容器的最基础实现，是一个最基础最简单的IoC容器对象，其高级容器ApplicationContext也是通过持有DefaultListableBeanFactory引用，在基础IoC容器之上进行特性增强。
- 容器设计原理
XmlBeanFactory这个IoC容器便是在DefaultListableBeanFactory基础容器之上，添加了如xml读取的附加功能。
编程式使用IoC容器示例
ClassPathResource res = new ClassPathResource("bean.xml");
DefaultListableBeanFactory factory = new DefaultListableBeanFactory();
XmlBeanDefinitionReader reader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(factory);
reader.loadBeanDefinitions(res);大致过程如下几步：
1）读取bean.xml配置文件资源
2）创建基础BeanFactory容器（DefaultListableBeanFactory）
3）创建资源读取器（XmlBeanDefinitionReader），并将其与BeanFactory容器对象进行关联
4）将bean.xml配置文件中的信息解析成BeanDefinition元数据信息对象，并注册到BeanFactory（IoC容器）中
- ApplicationContext容器特点
ApplicationContext通过对不同特性接口的实现为基础IoC容器添加了许多特性
1）MessageSource接口：支持不同的信息源。
2）ResourceLoader和Resource接口：支持从不同的途径获取资源信息。
3）ApplicationEventPublisher接口：支持应用事件。
4）ApplicationContext接口：在基本IoC容器基础上增加附加服务。
IoC容器的初始化过程
IoC容器启动的三个基本过程
1）Resource资源信息定位
2）BeanDefinition的载入（将资源中的信息初始化为BeanDefinition对象）
3）向IoC容器注册生成的BeanDefinition对象
下面我们通过FileSystemXmlApplicationContext为例，进行IoC容器初始化过程的解析
FileSystemXmlApplicationContext是一个支持xml定义BeanDefinition的ApplicationContext，我们看一下
FileSystemXmlApplicationContext的具体实现
public class FileSystemXmlApplicationContext extends AbstractXmlApplicationContext {
public FileSystemXmlApplicationContext() {
}
public FileSystemXmlApplicationContext(ApplicationContext parent) {
super(parent);
}
public FileSystemXmlApplicationContext(String configLocation) throws BeansException {
this(new String[] {configLocation}, true, null);
}
public FileSystemXmlApplicationContext(String... configLocations) throws BeansException {
this(configLocations, true, null);
}
public FileSystemXmlApplicationContext(String[] configLocations, ApplicationContext parent) throws BeansException {
this(configLocations, true, parent);
}
public FileSystemXmlApplicationContext(String[] configLocations, boolean refresh) throws BeansException {
this(configLocations, refresh, null);
}
// 调用refresh函数载入和注册BeanDefinition对象，完成IoC容器的初始化过程
public FileSystemXmlApplicationContext(String[] configLocations, boolean refresh, ApplicationContext parent)
throws BeansException {
super(parent);
setConfigLocations(configLocations);
if (refresh) {
refresh();
}
}
// 构造一个FileSystemResource来获取资源文件，此方法是在BeanDefinitionReader的loadBeanDefintion中被调用
// loadBeanDefintion方法是一个抽象，具体的资源定位的实现由具体的子类来完成
@Override
protected Resource getResourceByPath(String path) {
if (path != null && path.startsWith("/")) {
path = path.substring(1);
}
return new FileSystemResource(path);
}
}这里的refresh方法是IoC容器初始化的唯一入口
初始化调用过程大致如下：
IoC容器执行refresh的过程
其中最主要的BeanDefintion对象的载入和注册过程是在
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory()中refreshBeanFactory方法中完成
@Override
protected final void refreshBeanFactory() throws BeansException {
if (hasBeanFactory()) {
destroyBeans();
closeBeanFactory();
}
try {
// 创建ioc容器
// new DefaultListableBeanFactory(getInternalParentBeanFactory())
DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = createBeanFactory();
beanFactory.setSerializationId(getId());
customizeBeanFactory(beanFactory);
// 启动BeanDefinition的载入和注册过程
loadBeanDefinitions(beanFactory);
synchronized (this.beanFactoryMonitor) {
this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
}
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException("I/O error parsing bean definition source for " + getDisplayName(), ex);
}
}这里的loadBeanDefinitions方法中会创建XmlBeanDefinitionReader对象，并启动BeanDefinitionReader的getResourceLoader方法
protected void loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader reader) throws BeansException, IOException {
// 以Resource的方式获取配置文件的资源位置
Resource[] configResources = getConfigResources();
if (configResources != null) {
reader.loadBeanDefinitions(configResources);
}
// 以String的方式获取配置文件的资源位置
String[] configLocations = getConfigLocations();
if (configLocations != null) {
reader.loadBeanDefinitions(configLocations);
}
}BeanDefinitionReader抽象中会完成配置文件的资源的加载
public int loadBeanDefinitions(String location, Set<Resource> actualResources) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
ResourceLoader resourceLoader = getResourceLoader();
if (resourceLoader == null) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
"Cannot import bean definitions from location [" + location + "]: no ResourceLoader available");
}
if (resourceLoader instanceof ResourcePatternResolver) {
// Resource pattern matching available.
try {
Resource[] resources = ((ResourcePatternResolver) resourceLoader).getResources(location);
int loadCount = loadBeanDefinitions(resources);
if (actualResources != null) {
for (Resource resource : resources) {
actualResources.add(resource);
}
}
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Loaded " + loadCount + " bean definitions from location pattern [" + location + "]");
}
return loadCount;
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
"Could not resolve bean definition resource pattern [" + location + "]", ex);
}
}
else {
// 调用具体实现容器的getResourceByPath方法获取Resource handle对象并根据具体实现加载配置资源
Resource resource = resourceLoader.getResource(location);
// 加载和注册BeanDefinition元信息对象，具体由XmlBeanDefinitionReader实现
int loadCount = loadBeanDefinitions(resource);
if (actualResources != null) {
actualResources.add(resource);
}
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Loaded " + loadCount + " bean definitions from location [" + location + "]");
}
return loadCount;
}
}XmlBeanDefinitionReader中loadBeanDefinitions的具体实现
public int loadBeanDefinitions(EncodedResource encodedResource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
Assert.notNull(encodedResource, "EncodedResource must not be null");
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Loading XML bean definitions from " + encodedResource.getResource());
}
Set<EncodedResource> currentResources = this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.get();
if (currentResources == null) {
currentResources = new HashSet<EncodedResource>(4);
this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.set(currentResources);
}
if (!currentResources.add(encodedResource)) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
"Detected cyclic loading of " + encodedResource + " - check your import definitions!");
}
try {
// 准备IO流来获取配置资源中的数据
InputStream inputStream = encodedResource.getResource().getInputStream();
try {
InputSource inputSource = new InputSource(inputStream);
if (encodedResource.getEncoding() != null) {
inputSource.setEncoding(encodedResource.getEncoding());
}
return doLoadBeanDefinitions(inputSource, encodedResource.getResource());
}
finally {
inputStream.close();
}
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
"IOException parsing XML document from " + encodedResource.getResource(), ex);
}
finally {
currentResources.remove(encodedResource);
if (currentResources.isEmpty()) {
this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.remove();
}
}
}
/**
* Actually load bean definitions from the specified XML file.
* @param inputSource the SAX InputSource to read from
* @param resource the resource descriptor for the XML file
* @return the number of bean definitions found
* @throws BeanDefinitionStoreException in case of loading or parsing errors
* @see #doLoadDocument
* @see #registerBeanDefinitions
*/
// 真正开始从指定的资源文件中获取信息，加载并注册BeanDefinition到IoC中
protected int doLoadBeanDefinitions(InputSource inputSource, Resource resource)
throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
try {
// 通过DefaultDocumentLoader对象获取xml配置文件的Document对象
Document doc = doLoadDocument(inputSource, resource);
// 将获取的Document对象解析成BeanDefinition对象，并注册到IoC容器中
return registerBeanDefinitions(doc, resource);
}
catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {
throw ex;
}
catch (SAXParseException ex) {
throw new XmlBeanDefinitionStoreException(resource.getDescription(),
"Line " + ex.getLineNumber() + " in XML document from " + resource + " is invalid", ex);
}
catch (SAXException ex) {
throw new XmlBeanDefinitionStoreException(resource.getDescription(),
"XML document from " + resource + " is invalid", ex);
}
catch (ParserConfigurationException ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(resource.getDescription(),
"Parser configuration exception parsing XML from " + resource, ex);
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(resource.getDescription(),
"IOException parsing XML document from " + resource, ex);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(resource.getDescription(),
"Unexpected exception parsing XML document from " + resource, ex);
}
}将获取的Document对象解析成BeanDefinition对象的具体实现由BeanDefinitionParserDelegate解析器具体实现完成
protected void processBeanDefinition(Element ele, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
// 将Document对象解析成BeanDefinition对象的具体方法
BeanDefinitionHolder bdHolder = delegate.parseBeanDefinitionElement(ele);
if (bdHolder != null) {
bdHolder = delegate.decorateBeanDefinitionIfRequired(ele, bdHolder);
try {
//将解析好的BeanDefinition注册到DefaultListableBeanFactory容器对象中
BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.registerBeanDefinition(bdHolder, getReaderContext().getRegistry());
}
catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {
getReaderContext().error("Failed to register bean definition with name '" +
bdHolder.getBeanName() + "'", ele, ex);
}
getReaderContext().fireComponentRegistered(new BeanComponentDefinition(bdHolder));
}
}具体的Document解析成BeanDefinition的过程是通过不断的递归调用完成，具体实现这里不做分析
public AbstractBeanDefinition parseBeanDefinitionElement(
Element ele, String beanName, BeanDefinition containingBean) {
this.parseState.push(new BeanEntry(beanName));
// 获取定义的<bean>中设置的bean的name，设置到BeanDefinition对象中去
String className = null;
if (ele.hasAttribute(CLASS_ATTRIBUTE)) {
className = ele.getAttribute(CLASS_ATTRIBUTE).trim();
}
try {
String parent = null;
if (ele.hasAttribute(PARENT_ATTRIBUTE)) {
parent = ele.getAttribute(PARENT_ATTRIBUTE);
}
// 创建BeanDefinition对象
AbstractBeanDefinition bd = createBeanDefinition(className, parent);
// 对bean元素的属性进行解析
parseBeanDefinitionAttributes(ele, beanName, containingBean, bd);
bd.setDescription(DomUtils.getChildElementValueByTagName(ele, DESCRIPTION_ELEMENT));
parseMetaElements(ele, bd);
parseLookupOverrideSubElements(ele, bd.getMethodOverrides());
parseReplacedMethodSubElements(ele, bd.getMethodOverrides());
// 解析<bean>的构造函数设置
parseConstructorArgElements(ele, bd);
// 解析<bean>的property设置
parsePropertyElements(ele, bd);
parseQualifierElements(ele, bd);
bd.setResource(this.readerContext.getResource());
bd.setSource(extractSource(ele));
return bd;
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
error("Bean class [" + className + "] not found", ele, ex);
}
catch (NoClassDefFoundError err) {
error("Class that bean class [" + className + "] depends on not found", ele, err);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
error("Unexpected failure during bean definition parsing", ele, ex);
}
finally {
this.parseState.pop();
}
return null;
}而注册则是将BeanDefinition对象放入到DefaultListableBeanFactory容器中维护的一个map中
this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition);
至此，IoC容器的初始化过程就完成了。
总结：IoC容器的初始化过程就是将xml配置资源的信息抽象到BeanDefinition信息对象中，再将BeanDefinition设置到基本容器的map中，BeanDefinition中的信息是容器建立依赖反转的基础，IoC容器的作用就是对这些信息进行处理和维护。
IoC容器的依赖注入
依赖注入是用户第一次向IoC容器索要Bean时触发的，入口为DefaultListableBeanFactory基类AbstractBeanFactory中的getBean方法
具体依赖注入过程
图中的AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory类是具体实现依赖注入的主要实现类，bean对象的正式实例化，bean依赖对象的注入，bean对象的初始化回调都在此类中完成。
protected Object doCreateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd, final Object[] args) {
BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null;
if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
instanceWrapper = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName);
}
// 通过CGLIB类库，反射bean的构造器创建bean实例
if (instanceWrapper == null) {
instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);
}
final Object bean = (instanceWrapper != null ? instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance() : null);
Class<?> beanType = (instanceWrapper != null ? instanceWrapper.getWrappedClass() : null);
synchronized (mbd.postProcessingLock) {
if (!mbd.postProcessed) {
applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName);
mbd.postProcessed = true;
}
}
boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences &&
isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName));
if (earlySingletonExposure) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName +
"' to allow for resolving potential circular references");
}
addSingletonFactory(beanName, new ObjectFactory<Object>() {
@Override
public Object getObject() throws BeansException {
return getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean);
}
});
}
Object exposedObject = bean;
try {
// 对bean对象进行依赖注入
populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);
if (exposedObject != null) {
// 对bean对象进行初始化方法的回调
exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);
}
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
if (ex instanceof BeanCreationException && beanName.equals(((BeanCreationException) ex).getBeanName())) {
throw (BeanCreationException) ex;
}
else {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Initialization of bean failed", ex);
}
}
if (earlySingletonExposure) {
Object earlySingletonReference = getSingleton(beanName, false);
if (earlySingletonReference != null) {
if (exposedObject == bean) {
exposedObject = earlySingletonReference;
}
else if (!this.allowRawInjectionDespiteWrapping && hasDependentBean(beanName)) {
String[] dependentBeans = getDependentBeans(beanName);
Set<String> actualDependentBeans = new LinkedHashSet<String>(dependentBeans.length);
for (String dependentBean : dependentBeans) {
if (!removeSingletonIfCreatedForTypeCheckOnly(dependentBean)) {
actualDependentBeans.add(dependentBean);
}
}
if (!actualDependentBeans.isEmpty()) {
throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName,
"Bean with name '" + beanName + "' has been injected into other beans [" +
StringUtils.collectionToCommaDelimitedString(actualDependentBeans) +
"] in its raw version as part of a circular reference, but has eventually been " +
"wrapped. This means that said other beans do not use the final version of the " +
"bean. This is often the result of over-eager type matching - consider using " +
"'getBeanNamesOfType' with the 'allowEagerInit' flag turned off, for example.");
}
}
}
}
try {
registerDisposableBeanIfNecessary(beanName, bean, mbd);
}
catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Invalid destruction signature", ex);
}
return exposedObject;
}
populateBean进行目标对象的依赖注入时的大致执行流程
具体调用为递归getBean方法完成，不做具体分析。
在对bean对象完成依赖注入后，会调用AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean方法对bean对象进行初始化回调
protected Object initializeBean(final String beanName, final Object bean, RootBeanDefinition mbd) {
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
@Override
public Object run() {
invokeAwareMethods(beanName, bean);
return null;
}
}, getAccessControlContext());
}
else {
invokeAwareMethods(beanName, bean);
}
Object wrappedBean = bean;
if (mbd == null || !mbd.isSynthetic()) {
// BeanPostProcessor接口前置监听
wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);
}
try {
invokeInitMethods(beanName, wrappedBean, mbd);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
(mbd != null ? mbd.getResourceDescription() : null),
beanName, "Invocation of init method failed", ex);
}
if (mbd == null || !mbd.isSynthetic()) {
// BeanPostProcessor接口后置监听
wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);
}
return wrappedBean;
}
private void invokeAwareMethods(final String beanName, final Object bean) {
if (bean instanceof Aware) {
if (bean instanceof BeanNameAware) {
((BeanNameAware) bean).setBeanName(beanName);
}
if (bean instanceof BeanClassLoaderAware) {
((BeanClassLoaderAware) bean).setBeanClassLoader(getBeanClassLoader());
}
if (bean instanceof BeanFactoryAware) {
((BeanFactoryAware) bean).setBeanFactory(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.this);
}
}
}
protected void invokeInitMethods(String beanName, final Object bean, RootBeanDefinition mbd)
throws Throwable {
boolean isInitializingBean = (bean instanceof InitializingBean);
if (isInitializingBean && (mbd == null || !mbd.isExternallyManagedInitMethod("afterPropertiesSet"))) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Invoking afterPropertiesSet() on bean with name '" + beanName + "'");
}
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
try {
AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedExceptionAction<Object>() {
@Override
public Object run() throws Exception {
((InitializingBean) bean).afterPropertiesSet();
return null;
}
}, getAccessControlContext());
}
catch (PrivilegedActionException pae) {
throw pae.getException();
}
}
else {
((InitializingBean) bean).afterPropertiesSet();
}
}
if (mbd != null) {
String initMethodName = mbd.getInitMethodName();
if (initMethodName != null && !(isInitializingBean && "afterPropertiesSet".equals(initMethodName)) &&
!mbd.isExternallyManagedInitMethod(initMethodName)) {
invokeCustomInitMethod(beanName, bean, mbd);
}
}
}这里我们看到初始化接口的回调顺序
BeanNameAware —-> BeanClassLoaderAware —-> BeanFactoryAware —-> BeanPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInitialization —-> InitializingBean —-> init-method方法 —->
BeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInitialization
到此，IoC容器的整个初始化过程基本结束。
容器销毁
容器的销毁通过AbstractApplicationContext.doClose方法完成
总结：
简单总结一下IoC容器的bean生命周期
1）Bean实例的创建
2）为Bean实例设置属性
3）调用Bean的初始化接口方法
4）应用可以通过IoC容器获取bean
5）当容器关闭时，调用Bean的销毁方法。
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