中断的线程化处理
复杂、耗时的事情，尽量使用内核线程来处理。工作队列用起来挺简单，但是它有一个缺点：工作队列中有多个 work，前一个 work 没处理完会影响后面的 work。解决方法有很多种，比如干脆自己创建一个内核线程，不跟别的 work 凑在一块了。在 Linux 系统中，对于存储设备比如 SD/TF卡，它的驱动程序就是这样做的，它有自己的内核线程。
对于中断处理，还有另一种方法：threaded irq，线程化的中断处理。中断的处理仍然可以认为分为上半部、下半部。上半部用来处理紧急的事情，下半部用一个内核线程来处理，这个内核线程专用于这个中断。
extern int __must_check
request_threaded_irq(unsigned int irq, irq_handler_t handler,
irq_handler_t thread_fn,
unsigned long flags, const char *name, void *dev);
你可以只提供 thread_fn，系统会为这个函数创建一个内核线程。发生中断时，系统会立刻调用 handler 函数，然后唤醒某个内核线程，内核线程再来执行 thread_fn 函数。
内核机制
1 调用 request_threaded_irq 后内核的数据结构
内核中有一个struct irq_desc结构体数组，有一个属性是struct irqaction* action，这个结构体中有一个属性irq_handler_t thread_fn，就对应的是request_threaded_irq函数中的thread_fn；同时struct irqaction这个结构体还有一个属性irq_handler_t handler，对应的是request_threaded_irq函数中的上半部函数。如果发生中断时内核调用handler函数，返回值是IRQ_HANDLED表示中断处理完毕；如果返回值是IRQ_WAKE_THREAD，则唤醒线程。
内核线程被唤醒后，执行thread_fn函数可能有程序在等待thread_fn函数被执行，调用wake_threads_waitq(desc)来唤醒它。
注意:可以调用synchronize_irq来等待thread_fn被执行。
2 request_threaded_irq
request_threaded_irq 函数，肯定会创建一个内核线程。源码在内核文件 kernel\irq\manage.c 中
int request_threaded_irq(unsigned int irq, irq_handler_t handler,
irq_handler_t thread_fn, unsigned long irqflags,
const char *devname, void *dev_id)
{
// 分配、设置一个 irqaction 结构体
action = kzalloc(sizeof(struct irqaction), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!action)
return -ENOMEM;
action->handler = handler;
action->thread_fn = thread_fn;
action->flags = irqflags;
action->name = devname;
action->dev_id = dev_id;
retval = __setup_irq(irq, desc, action); // 进一步处理
}
__setup_irq 函数代码如下(只摘取重要部分)：
if (new->thread_fn && !nested) {
ret = setup_irq_thread(new, irq, false);
setup_irq_thread 函数代码如下(只摘取重要部分)：
if (!secondary) {
t = kthread_create(irq_thread, new, "irq/%d-%s", irq,
new->name);
} else {
t = kthread_create(irq_thread, new, "irq/%d-s-%s", irq,
new->name);
param.sched_priority -= 1;
}
只需要分析__handle_irq_event_percpu 函数 ， 它在 kernel\irq\handle.c 中：
线程的处理函数为 irq_thread，代码在 kernel\irq\handle.c 中：
内核程序
调用 request_threaded_irq 函数注册中断，调用 free_irq 卸载中断。从前面可知，我们可以提供上半部函数，也可以不提供：
- 如果不提供，内核会提供默认的上半部处理函数：irq_default_primary_handler，它是直接返回 IRQ_WAKE_THREAD。
- 如果提供的话， 返回值必须是： IRQ_WAKE_THREAD。在 thread_fn 中，如果中断被正确处理了，应该返回 IRQ_HANDLED。
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/major.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/kmod.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/gpio/consumer.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include <linux/of_gpio.h>
#include <linux/of_irq.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/fcntl.h>
#include <linux/timer.h>
#include <linux/workqueue.h>
#include <asm/current.h>
struct gpio_key{
int gpio;
struct gpio_desc *gpiod;
int flag;
int irq;
struct timer_list key_timer;
struct tasklet_struct tasklet;
struct work_struct work;
} ;
static struct gpio_key *gpio_keys_100ask;
/* 主设备号 */
static int major = 0;
static struct class *gpio_key_class;
/* 环形缓冲区 */
#define BUF_LEN 128
static int g_keys[BUF_LEN];
static int r, w;
struct fasync_struct *button_fasync;
#define NEXT_POS(x) ((x+1) % BUF_LEN)
static int is_key_buf_empty(void)
{
return (r == w);
}
static int is_key_buf_full(void)
{
return (r == NEXT_POS(w));
}
static void put_key(int key)
{
if (!is_key_buf_full())
{
g_keys[w] = key;
w = NEXT_POS(w);
}
}
static int get_key(void)
{
int key = 0;
if (!is_key_buf_empty())
{
key = g_keys[r];
r = NEXT_POS(r);
}
return key;
}
static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(gpio_key_wait);
static void key_timer_expire(unsigned long data)
{
/* data ==> gpio */
struct gpio_key *gpio_key = data;
int val;
int key;
val = gpiod_get_value(gpio_key->gpiod);
printk("key_timer_expire key %d %d\n", gpio_key->gpio, val);
key = (gpio_key->gpio << 8) | val;
put_key(key);
wake_up_interruptible(&gpio_key_wait);
kill_fasync(&button_fasync, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
}
static void key_tasklet_func(unsigned long data)
{
/* data ==> gpio */
struct gpio_key *gpio_key = data;
int val;
int key;
val = gpiod_get_value(gpio_key->gpiod);
printk("key_tasklet_func key %d %d\n", gpio_key->gpio, val);
}
static void key_work_func(struct work_struct *work)
{
struct gpio_key *gpio_key = container_of(work, struct gpio_key, work);
int val;
val = gpiod_get_value(gpio_key->gpiod);
printk("key_work_func: the process is %s pid %d\n",current->comm, current->pid);
printk("key_work_func key %d %d\n", gpio_key->gpio, val);
}
/* 实现对应的open/read/write等函数，填入file_operations结构体 */
static ssize_t gpio_key_drv_read (struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
{
//printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
int err;
int key;
if (is_key_buf_empty() && (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK))
return -EAGAIN;
wait_event_interruptible(gpio_key_wait, !is_key_buf_empty());
key = get_key();
err = copy_to_user(buf, &key, 4);
return 4;
}
static unsigned int gpio_key_drv_poll(struct file *fp, poll_table * wait)
{
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
poll_wait(fp, &gpio_key_wait, wait);
return is_key_buf_empty() ? 0 : POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
}
static int gpio_key_drv_fasync(int fd, struct file *file, int on)
{
if (fasync_helper(fd, file, on, &button_fasync) >= 0)
return 0;
else
return -EIO;
}
/* 定义自己的file_operations结构体 */
static struct file_operations gpio_key_drv = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.read = gpio_key_drv_read,
.poll = gpio_key_drv_poll,
.fasync = gpio_key_drv_fasync,
};
static irqreturn_t gpio_key_isr(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
struct gpio_key *gpio_key = dev_id;
//printk("gpio_key_isr key %d irq happened\n", gpio_key->gpio);
tasklet_schedule(&gpio_key->tasklet);
mod_timer(&gpio_key->key_timer, jiffies + HZ/50);
schedule_work(&gpio_key->work);
return IRQ_WAKE_THREAD;
}
static irqreturn_t gpio_key_thread_func(int irq, void *data)
{
struct gpio_key *gpio_key = data;
int val;
val = gpiod_get_value(gpio_key->gpiod);
printk("gpio_key_thread_func: the process is %s pid %d\n",current->comm, current->pid);
printk("gpio_key_thread_func key %d %d\n", gpio_key->gpio, val);
return IRQ_HANDLED;
}
/* 1. 从platform_device获得GPIO
* 2. gpio=>irq
* 3. request_irq
*/
static int gpio_key_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
int err;
struct device_node *node = pdev->dev.of_node;
int count;
int i;
enum of_gpio_flags flag;
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
count = of_gpio_count(node);
if (!count)
{
printk("%s %s line %d, there isn't any gpio available\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
return -1;
}
gpio_keys_100ask = kzalloc(sizeof(struct gpio_key) * count, GFP_KERNEL);
for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
gpio_keys_100ask[i].gpio = of_get_gpio_flags(node, i, &flag);
if (gpio_keys_100ask[i].gpio < 0)
{
printk("%s %s line %d, of_get_gpio_flags fail\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
return -1;
}
gpio_keys_100ask[i].gpiod = gpio_to_desc(gpio_keys_100ask[i].gpio);
gpio_keys_100ask[i].flag = flag & OF_GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW;
gpio_keys_100ask[i].irq = gpio_to_irq(gpio_keys_100ask[i].gpio);
setup_timer(&gpio_keys_100ask[i].key_timer, key_timer_expire, &gpio_keys_100ask[i]);
gpio_keys_100ask[i].key_timer.expires = ~0;
add_timer(&gpio_keys_100ask[i].key_timer);
tasklet_init(&gpio_keys_100ask[i].tasklet, key_tasklet_func, &gpio_keys_100ask[i]);
INIT_WORK(&gpio_keys_100ask[i].work, key_work_func);
}
for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
//err = request_irq(gpio_keys_100ask[i].irq, gpio_key_isr, IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING | IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING, "100ask_gpio_key", &gpio_keys_100ask[i]);
err = request_threaded_irq(gpio_keys_100ask[i].irq, gpio_key_isr, gpio_key_thread_func, IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING | IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING, "100ask_gpio_key", &gpio_keys_100ask[i]);
}
/* 注册file_operations */
major = register_chrdev(0, "100ask_gpio_key", &gpio_key_drv); /* /dev/gpio_key */
gpio_key_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "100ask_gpio_key_class");
if (IS_ERR(gpio_key_class)) {
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
unregister_chrdev(major, "100ask_gpio_key");
return PTR_ERR(gpio_key_class);
}
device_create(gpio_key_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "100ask_gpio_key"); /* /dev/100ask_gpio_key */
return 0;
}
static int gpio_key_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
//int err;
struct device_node *node = pdev->dev.of_node;
int count;
int i;
device_destroy(gpio_key_class, MKDEV(major, 0));
class_destroy(gpio_key_class);
unregister_chrdev(major, "100ask_gpio_key");
count = of_gpio_count(node);
for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
free_irq(gpio_keys_100ask[i].irq, &gpio_keys_100ask[i]);
del_timer(&gpio_keys_100ask[i].key_timer);
tasklet_kill(&gpio_keys_100ask[i].tasklet);
}
kfree(gpio_keys_100ask);
return 0;
}
static const struct of_device_id ask100_keys[] = {
{ .compatible = "100ask,gpio_key" },
{ },
};
/* 1. 定义platform_driver */
static struct platform_driver gpio_keys_driver = {
.probe = gpio_key_probe,
.remove = gpio_key_remove,
.driver = {
.name = "100ask_gpio_key",
.of_match_table = ask100_keys,
},
};
/* 2. 在入口函数注册platform_driver */
static int __init gpio_key_init(void)
{
int err;
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
err = platform_driver_register(&gpio_keys_driver);
return err;
}
/* 3. 有入口函数就应该有出口函数：卸载驱动程序时，就会去调用这个出口函数
* 卸载platform_driver
*/
static void __exit gpio_key_exit(void)
{
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
platform_driver_unregister(&gpio_keys_driver);
}
/* 7. 其他完善：提供设备信息，自动创建设备节点 */
module_init(gpio_key_init);
module_exit(gpio_key_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
编译
测试
把编译出来的设备树文件拷贝到/boot目录下
reboot重启
安装驱动，强制安装
insmod gpio_key_drv.ko
执行测试程序
./button_test /dev/100ask_gpio_key
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