linux 中断线程化

为什么要进行中断线程化?
在 Linux 中，中断具有最高的优先级。不论在任何时刻，只要产生中断事件，内核将立即执行相应的中断处理程序，等到所有挂起的中断和软中断处理完毕后才能执行正常的任务，因此有可能造成实时任务得不到及时的处理。中断线程化之后，中断将作为内核线程运行而且被赋予不同的实时优先级，实时任务可以有比中断线程更高的优先级。这样，具有最高优先级的实时任务就能得到优先处理，即使在严重负载下仍有实时性保证。但是,并不是所有的中断都可以被线程化，比如时钟中断，主要用来维护系统时间以及定时器等，其中定时器是操作系统的脉搏，一旦被线程化，就有可能被挂起，这样后果将不堪设想，所以不应当被线程化。

中断线程化的实现方法是：对于IRQ，在内核初始化阶段init（该函数在内核源码树的文件init/main.c中定义）调用init_hardirqs（该函数在内核源码树的文件kernel/irq/manage.c中定义）来为每一个IRQ创建一个内核线程，IRQ号为0 的中断赋予实时优先级49，IRQ号为1的赋予实时优先级48，依次类推直到25，因此任何IRQ线程的最低实时优先级为25。原来的do_IRQ被分解成两部分，架构相关的放在类似于arch/*/kernel/irq.c的文件中，名称仍然为do_IRQ，而架构独立的部分被放在IRQ子系统的位置 kernel/irq/handle.c中，名称为_do_IRQ。当发生中断时，CPU将执行do_IRQ来处理相应的中断，do_IRQ将做了必要的架构相关的处理后调用_do_IRQ。函数_do_IRQ将判断该中断是否已经被线程化（如果中断描述符的状态字段不包含SA_NODELAY标志说明中断被线程化了），如果是将唤醒相应的处理线程，否则将直接调用handle_IRQ_event（在IRQ子系统位置的kernel/irq /handle.c文件中）来处理。对于已经线程化的情况，中断处理线程被唤醒并开始运行后，将调用do_hardirq(在源码树的IRQ子系统位置的文件kernel/irq/manage.c中定义)来处理相应的中断，该函数将判断是否有中断需要被处理（中断描述符的状态标志 IRQ_INPROGRESS），如果有就调用handle_IRQ_event来处理。handle_IRQ_event将直接调用相应的中断处理句柄来完成中断处理。

申请中断request_irq()与request_threaded_irq()之间的区别？

static inline int __must_check
request_irq(unsigned int irq, irq_handler_t handler, unsigned long flags,
    const char *name, void *dev)
{
return request_threaded_irq(irq, handler, NULL, flags, name, dev);
}

int request_threaded_irq(unsigned int irq, irq_handler_t handler,
         irq_handler_t thread_fn, unsigned long irqflags,
         const char *devname, void *dev_id)

从定义可以看出request_irq是request_threaded_irq的一个wrapper，只是将其中的thread_fn置为空。

request_threaded_irq函数实现：

/**
 *  request_threaded_irq - allocate an interrupt line
 *  @irq: Interrupt line to allocate
 *  @handler: Function to be called when the IRQ occurs.
 *        Primary handler for threaded interrupts
 *        If NULL and thread_fn != NULL the default
 *        primary handler is installed
 *  @thread_fn: Function called from the irq handler thread
 *          If NULL, no irq thread is created
 *  @irqflags: Interrupt type flags
 *  @devname: An ascii name for the claiming device
 *  @dev_id: A cookie passed back to the handler function
 */
int request_threaded_irq(unsigned int irq, irq_handler_t handler,
             irq_handler_t thread_fn, unsigned long irqflags,
             const char *devname, void *dev_id)
{
    struct irqaction *action;
    struct irq_desc *desc;
    int retval;

    if (irq == IRQ_NOTCONNECTED)
        return -ENOTCONN;

    /*
     * Sanity-check: shared interrupts must pass in a real dev-ID,
     * otherwise we'll have trouble later trying to figure out
     * which interrupt is which (messes up the interrupt freeing
     * logic etc).
     *
     * Also IRQF_COND_SUSPEND only makes sense for shared interrupts and
     * it cannot be set along with IRQF_NO_SUSPEND.
     */
    if (((irqflags & IRQF_SHARED) && !dev_id) ||
        (!(irqflags & IRQF_SHARED) && (irqflags & IRQF_COND_SUSPEND)) ||
        ((irqflags & IRQF_NO_SUSPEND) && (irqflags & IRQF_COND_SUSPEND)))
        return -EINVAL;

    desc = irq_to_desc(irq);
    if (!desc)
        return -EINVAL;

    if (!irq_settings_can_request(desc) ||
        WARN_ON(irq_settings_is_per_cpu_devid(desc)))
        return -EINVAL;

    if (!handler) {
        if (!thread_fn)
            return -EINVAL;
        handler = irq_default_primary_handler;
    }

    action = kzalloc(sizeof(struct irqaction), GFP_KERNEL);
    if (!action)
        return -ENOMEM;

    action->handler = handler;
    action->thread_fn = thread_fn;
    action->flags = irqflags;
    action->name = devname;
    action->dev_id = dev_id;

    chip_bus_lock(desc);
    retval = __setup_irq(irq, desc, action);
    chip_bus_sync_unlock(desc);

    if (retval) {
        kfree(action->secondary);
        kfree(action);
    }

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SHIRQ_FIXME
    if (!retval && (irqflags & IRQF_SHARED)) {
        /*
         * It's a shared IRQ -- the driver ought to be prepared for it
         * to happen immediately, so let's make sure....
         * We disable the irq to make sure that a 'real' IRQ doesn't
         * run in parallel with our fake.
         */
        unsigned long flags;

        disable_irq(irq);
        local_irq_save(flags);

        handler(irq, dev_id);

        local_irq_restore(flags)