开窗函数整理

大数据大部分是sqlboy，整理一下常用的开窗函数

常用的开窗函数：序号函数

row_number() over() :  相同值排名顺延，返回结果1、2、3、4

rank() over(）:相同结果排名相同，后续排名不连续，返回结果1、2、2、4

dense_rank() over():相同结果排名相同，后续排名连续，返回结果为 1、2、2、3

ntile(n) over()： 分组,将数据均匀划分成N等分，将数据分为n组并返回对应组号1、2......n

样例

select *,
row_number() over(partition by project  order by score desc ) as en ,
rank() over(partition by project order by score desc ) as rank_n,
dense_rank() over(partition by project order by score desc ) as dense_n,
ntile(2)  over(partition by project order by score) as ntile_n
from test1 t 

样例数据
INSERT INTO test1 (name, score, score2, project) VALUES('zhangsan', 100, 80, '物理');
INSERT INTO test1 (name, score, score2, project) VALUES('zhangsan', 80, 20, '化学');
INSERT INTO test1 (name, score, score2, project) VALUES('zhangsan', 90, 23, '数学');
INSERT INTO test1 (name, score, score2, project) VALUES('lisi', 30, 100, '化学');
INSERT INTO test1 (name, score, score2, project) VALUES('lisi', 50, 100, '数学');
INSERT INTO test1 (name, score, score2, project) VALUES('lisi', 80, 85, '物理');
INSERT INTO test1 (name, score, score2, project) VALUES('wangwu', 80, 70, '物理');
INSERT INTO test1 (name, score, score2, project) VALUES('a', 80, 80, '物理');
INSERT INTO test1 (name, score, score2, project) VALUES('b', 90, 90, '物理');
INSERT INTO test1 (name, score, score2, project) VALUES('c', 36, 50, '物理');

聚合开窗函数

1. sum() 分组求和
2. count() 分组统计
3. min() 分组求最大值
4. max() 分组求最小值
5. avg（） 分组求平均值

select name,score  ,
sum(score) over(partition by name ) as sum_n,
max(score) over(partition by name ) as max_n,
min(score) over(partition by name ) as min_n,
avg(score) over(partition by name ) as avg_n
from test1 t 

其他开窗函数或前后函数

1. lag(字段名，offset，default_value) 移动开窗函数，当前排序规则，返回向下第n行制定字段对应数据。其中n代表向下第n行制定字段对应数据。其中n代表向下偏移n行，如果偏移n超出范围返回的默认值，不写返回null，
2. lead(字段名，offset，default_value) 移动开窗函数，与lag相反，表示返回向上第n行制定字段对应数据
3. first_value() 取分组内排序后，截止到当前行的第一个值
4. last_value() 取分组内排序后，截止到当前行最后一个值

select name,score  ,
lag(score,2,0) over(partition by name  order by score  ) as lag_n,
lead(score,2,0) over(partition by name  order by score  ) as lead_n,
first_value(score) over(partition by name  order by score  ) as first_n,
last_value(score) over(partition by name  order by score   desc ) as last_n
from test1 t 

 执行结果

（注意：lag和lead 当前行为0，下标从零开始计数）

NTH_VALUE()函数

nth_value(expression, index) :获取指定列的有序几何指定位置的值

select name,score  ,
nth_value(score,2) over(partition by name  order by score  ) as lag_n
from test1 t 

参考学习：https://download.csdn.net/blog/column/11851938/131011696