System V消息队列（一）

最新推荐文章于 2022-09-27 12:14:12 发布

dai__liang

最新推荐文章于 2022-09-27 12:14:12 发布

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分类专栏： UNIX进程间通信文章标签： linux ipc 消息队列

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/dai__liang/article/details/110118381

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本文主要介绍了在Linux环境下使用System V消息队列时遇到的困难与解决过程，包括头文件包含错误及结构体定义差异的问题。通过分析源代码和系统文档，最终成功解决编译和理解问题。

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踩坑简介

本想练习下习题3.1，没想到坑是一个接一个，看代码

代码

myhead.h

#ifndef MYHEAD_H_
#define MYHEAD_H_

#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/wait.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<errno.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#include<mqueue.h>

#define MAXLINE         4096
#define FILE_MODE (S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP)

#endif

ctl.c

#include"myhead.h"
#include<sys/msg.h>

#define MSG_R 0400
#define MSG_W 0200
#define SVMSG (MSG_R | MSG_W | MSG_R >> 3 | MSG_W >> 3)

struct msgbuf
{
    __syscall_slong_t mtype;    /* type of received/sent message */
    char mtext[1];              /* text of the message */
};

int main(int argc, char**argv)
{
        int msqid;
        struct msqid_ds info;
        struct msgbuf buf;
        memset(&buf, 0, sizeof(buf));

        msqid = msgget(IPC_PRIVATE, SVMSG | IPC_CREAT);

        buf.mtype = 1;
        buf.mtext[0] = 1;
        msgsnd(msqid, &buf, 1, 0);

        msgctl(msqid, IPC_STAT, &info);

        printf("read-write:%03o, cbypes = %lu, qnum = %lu, qbytes = %lu, seq = %u\n",
                        info.msg_perm.mode & 0777, info.msg_cbytes, info.msg_qnum,info.msg_qbytes, info.msg_perm.__seq);

        system("ipcs -q");
        //show information on IPC facilities
        // Write information about active message queues.

        msgctl(msqid, IPC_RMID, NULL);

        return 0;
}

踩坑详解

一开始直接包含头文件时，编译一直提示error: storage size of ‘buf’ isn’t known,查了半天没找到原因，只好查看了<sys/msg.h>的文本，发现struct msgbuf buf由宏定义所包括，而经过测试本系统未定义这个宏，导致一直没编入程序。
书中定义结构体,与实际系统中有一定的差异。查看man msgctl可得实际结构体如下：

struct msqid_ds {
    struct ipc_perm msg_perm;     /* Ownership and permissions */
    time_t          msg_stime;    /* Time of last msgsnd(2) */
    time_t          msg_rtime;    /* Time of last msgrcv(2) */
    time_t          msg_ctime;    /* Time of last change */
    unsigned long   __msg_cbytes; /* Current number of bytes in
                                     queue (nonstandard) */
    msgqnum_t       msg_qnum;     /* Current number of messages
                                     in queue */
    msglen_t        msg_qbytes;   /* Maximum number of bytes
                                     allowed in queue */
    pid_t           msg_lspid;    /* PID of last msgsnd(2) */
    pid_t           msg_lrpid;    /* PID of last msgrcv(2) */
};

struct ipc_perm {
     key_t          __key;       /* Key supplied to msgget(2) */
     uid_t          uid;         /* Effective UID of owner */
     gid_t          gid;         /* Effective GID of owner */
     uid_t          cuid;        /* Effective UID of creator */
     gid_t          cgid;        /* Effective GID of creator */
     unsigned short mode;        /* Permissions */
     unsigned short __seq;       /* Sequence number */
 };