Listener 监听器
一、Servlet事件监听器概述
1、概念
JavaWeb中的监听器是Servlet规范中定义的一种特殊类,它用于监听web应用程序中的ServletContext, HttpSession和 ServletRequest等域对象的创建与销毁事件,以及监听这些域对象中的属性发生修改的事件,并自动根据不同情况,在后台调用相应的处理程序。
通过监听器,可以自动激发一些操作,比如监听在线人数,当增加一个HttpSession时就激发 sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent)方法,这样就可以给在线人数加1。
2、监听器类型
在Servlet规范中定义了多种类型的监听器,它们用于监听的事件源分别为 ServletContext, HttpSession 和 ServletRequest 这三个域对象。
Servlet规范针对这三个对象上的操作,又把这多种类型的监听器划分为三种类型。
-
监听三个域对象创建和销毁的事件监听器
-
监听域对象中属性的增加和删除的事件监听器
-
监听绑定到 HttpSession 域中的某个对象的状态的事件监听器
ServletContext域对象
编写一个ServletContextListener_test类,实现ServletContextListener接口,监听ServletContext对象的创建和销毁
package com.yx.servlet.listener;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;
/**
* Application Lifecycle Listener implementation class ServletContextListener_test
* @Description:ServletContextListener_test实现了ServletContextListener接口,
* 因此可以对ServletContext对象的创建和销毁两个动作进行监听
*/
@WebListener
public class ServletContextListener_test implements ServletContextListener {
/**
* Default constructor.
*/
public ServletContextListener_test() {
}
/**
* @see ServletContextListener#contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent)
*/
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
System.out.println("ServletContext对象创建");
}
/**
* @see ServletContextListener#contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent)
*/
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
System.out.println("ServletContext对象销毁");
}
}
创建过滤器MyFiter03
使用该过滤器来获取web.xml中设置的参数
package cn.itcast.chapter08.filter;
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
public class MyFilter03 implements Filter {
private String characterEncoding;
FilterConfig fc;
public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
// 获取FilterConfig对象
this.fc = fConfig;
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
// 输出参数信息
characterEncoding=fc.getInitParameter("encoding");
System.out.println("encoding初始化参数的值为:"+characterEncoding);
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
public void destroy() {
}
}
创建User类
封装用户信息
package cn.itcast.chapter08.entity;
public class User {
private String username;
private String password;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
创建login.jsp
用户登录的表单·
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8" import="java.util.*"%>
<html>
<head></head>
<center><h3>用户登录</h3></center>
<body style="text-align: center;">
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/LoginServlet"
method="post">
<table border="1" width="600px" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
align="center" >
<tr>
<td height="30" align="center">用户名:</td>
<td>
<input type="text" name="username" />${errerMsg }</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="30" align="center">密 码:</td>
<td>
<input type="password" name="password" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="35" align="center">自动登录时间</td>
<td><input type="radio" name="autologin"
value="${60*60*24*31 }" />一个月
<input type="radio" name="autologin"
value="${60*60*24*31*3 }" />三个月
<input type="radio" name="autologin"
value="${60*60*24*31*6 }" />半年
<input type="radio" name="autologin"
value="${60*60*24*31*12 }" />一年
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="30" colspan="2" align="center">
<input type="submit" value="登录" />
<input type="reset" value="重置" />
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
<html>
index.jsp
显示用户登录信息
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8" import="java.util.*"
%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>显示登录的用户信息</title>
</head>
<body>
<br />
<center>
<h3>欢迎光临</h3>
</center>
<br />
<br />
<c:choose>
<c:when test="${sessionScope.user==null }">
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/login.jsp">用户登录</a>
</c:when>
<c:otherwise>
欢迎你,${sessionScope.user.username }!
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/LogoutServlet">注销</a>
</c:otherwise>
</c:choose>
<hr />
</body>
</html>
LoginServlet类
处理用户的登录请求
package cn.itcast.chapter08.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import cn.itcast.chapter08.entity.User;
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// 获得用户名和密码
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
// 检查用户名和密码
if ("itcast".equals(username) && "123456".equals(password)) {
// 登录成功
// 将用户状态 user 对象存入 session域
User user = new User();
user.setUsername(username);
user.setPassword(password);
request.getSession().setAttribute("user", user);
// 发送自动登录的cookie
String autoLogin = request.getParameter("autologin");
if (autoLogin != null) {
// 注意 cookie 中的密码要加密
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("autologin", username + "-"
+ password);
cookie.setMaxAge(Integer.parseInt(autoLogin));
cookie.setPath(request.getContextPath());
response.addCookie(cookie);
}
// 跳转至首页
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/index.jsp");
} else {
request.setAttribute("errerMsg", "用户名或密码错");
request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp")
.forward(request,response);
}
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
编写一个Logouservlet类
注销用户登录信息
package cn.itcast.chapter08.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class LogoutServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// 用户注销
request.getSession().removeAttribute("user");
// 从客户端删除自动登录的cookie
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("autologin", "msg");
cookie.setPath(request.getContextPath());
cookie.setMaxAge(0);
response.addCookie(cookie);
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/index.jsp");
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
编写AutoLoginFilter类
拦截用户登录请求
package cn.itcast.chapter08.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import cn.itcast.chapter08.entity.User;
public class AutoLoginFilter implements Filter {
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
// 获得一个名为 autologin 的cookie
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
String autologin = null;
for (int i = 0; cookies != null && i < cookies.length; i++) {
if ("autologin".equals(cookies[i].getName())) {
// 找到了指定的cookie
autologin = cookies[i].getValue();
break;
}
}
if (autologin != null) {
// 做自动登录
String[] parts = autologin.split("-");
String username = parts[0];
String password = parts[1];
// 检查用户名和密码
if ("itcast".equals(username)&& ("123456").equals(password)) {
// 登录成功,将用户状态 user 对象存入 session域
User user = new User();
user.setUsername(username);
user.setPassword(password);
request.getSession().setAttribute("user", user);
}
}
// 放行
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
public void destroy() {
}
}