RMAN的学习笔记（1）--RMAN的环境变量的设置对RMAN的影响

 

RMAN的学习笔记（1）

刚刚开始RMAN，读到第三章的RMAN的环境变量的设置对RMAN的影响，这些环境变量是：NLS_DATE_FORMAT和 NLS_LANG。

 

对于NLS_DATE_FORMAT环境变量需要注意的：

NLS_DATE_FORMAT='Mon DD YYYY HH24:MI:SS'
   
   

设置的目的主要是因为在RMAN中命令行中许多的命令参数都与时间有关，入：RESTORE，RECOVER以及REPORT。

 

对于NLS_LANG环境变量需要注意如下：

1、  当数据库在还处于nomount状态时，此时有使用RMAN还没有连接到目标数据库，然后mount目标数据库，此种情况下对RMAN所在的环境设置的NLS_LANG需要和目标数据库中的NLS_LANG的保持一致；如果不一致，则RMAN登陆不进去；

测试如下：

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ export NLS_LANG=american

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0 .4.0 - Production on Thu Aug 21 21:32:06 2008

Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

SQL> connect / as sysdba

Connected.

SQL> show parameter NLS_LANG

 

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

nls_language                         string      AMERICAN

而在RMAN运行的会话中：

如果执行如下：

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ export NLS_LANG=WE8DEC  --设置了不同于目标数据库中的字符集类型不一致，则在rman登陆时就报错

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 9.2.0 .4.0 - Production

Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00554: initialization of internal recovery manager package failed

RMAN-04005: error from target database:

ORA-12705: invalid or unknown NLS parameter value specified

 

2、  当数据库在还处于nomount状态时，此时有使用RMAN连接到目标数据库中并且目标数据库mount之后没有仍旧连着没有断开，在没有mount之前目标数据库会话中的字符集假设是export NLS_LANG=american，然后在mount之前对目标数据库所在的会话修改了其字符集改为export NLS_LANG=american.we8dec，再mount目标数据库，那么再在其刚才连着的RMAN会话命令中输入命令则会报错。

测试如下：

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ export NLS_LANG=American –mount目标数据库之前的字符集

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0 .4.0 - Production on Thu Aug 21 21:32:06 2008

Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

SQL> connect / as sysdba

Connected.

SQL> shutdown immediate

ORA-01109: database not open

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup nomount  --nomount目标数据库

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area   93394180 bytes

Fixed Size                   451844 bytes

Variable Size              75497472 bytes

Database Buffers           16777216 bytes

Redo Buffers                 667648 bytes

SQL> show parameter NLS_LANG

 

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

nls_language                         string      AMERICAN

SQL> exit            

Disconnected from Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0 .4.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options

JServer Release 9.2.0 .4.0 – Production

 

然后连接RMAN

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN –与还没有mount的目标数据库中的会话字符集类型一样，是AMERCAN

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 9.2.0 .4.0 - Production

Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ora9i (not mounted)

 

再回到还没有mount的目标数据库会话中，继续如下操作：修改会话字符集，然后mount目标数据库：

测试如下：

[oracle@localhost oracle]$  export NLS_LANG=american.we8dec  --mount目标数据库之前修改目标数据库会话中的字符集

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0 .4.0 - Production on Thu Aug 21 21:46:46 2008

Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

SQL> connect / as sysdba

Connected.

SQL>  show parameter NLS_LANG

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

nls_language                         string      AMERICAN

SQL> alter database mount ;  --mount目标数据库

Database altered.

 

再回到刚刚在目标数据库处于nomount状态下连接RMAN的登陆环境中，输入一个命令则会报有关字符集的错误，测试如下：

RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE ;

Starting backup at Aug 21 2008 21:48:03

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03002: failure of backup command at 08/21/2008 21:48:03

ORA-06550: line 1, column 43:

PLS-00553: character set name is not recognized

ORA-06550: line 0, column 0:

PL/SQL: Compilation unit analysis terminated

 

但如果断开此时的RMAN连接，重新设置下会话的NLS_LANG，再继续登陆RMAN，再执行BACKUP DATABASE ;命令，则不再报字符集类似的错误。

测试如下：

RMAN> exit

Recovery Manager complete.

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ export NLS_LANG=american.we8dec

[oracle@localhost oracle]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 9.2.0 .4.0 - Production

Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ORA9I (DBID=2447264884)

RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE ;

Starting backup at Aug 21 2008 21:48:29

using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=10 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

including current SPFILE in backupset

including current controlfile in backupset

input datafile fno=00013 name=/opt/ora9/oradata/ora9i/demo05.dbf

input datafile fno=00001 name=/opt/ora9/oradata/ora9i/system01.dbf

input datafile fno=00009 name=/opt/ora9/oradata/ora9i/users01.dbf

input datafile fno=00005 name=/opt/ora9/oradata/ora9i/example01.dbf

input datafile fno=00011 name=/opt/ora9/oradata/ora9i/ts_mamual_1.dbf

input datafile fno=00010 name=/opt/ora9/oradata/ora9i/xdb01.dbf

input datafile fno=00006 name=/opt/ora9/oradata/ora9i/indx01.dbf

input datafile fno=00003 name=/opt/ora9/oradata/ora9i/cwmlite01.dbf

input datafile fno=00004 name=/opt/ora9/oradata/ora9i/drsys01.dbf

input datafile fno=00007 name=/opt/ora9/oradata/ora9i/odm01.dbf

input datafile fno=00002 name=/opt/ora9/oradata/ora9i/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile fno=00008 name=/opt/ora9/oradata/ora9i/tools01.dbf

input datafile fno=00015 name=/opt/ora9/oradata/ora9i/undotbs03.dbf

input datafile fno=00012 name=/opt/ora9/oradata/ora9i/demo01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at Aug 21 2008 21:48:33
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at Aug 21 2008 22:11:34
piece handle=/opt/ora9/product/9.2/dbs/02jokfhe_1_1 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:23:09
Finished backup at Aug 21 2008 22:11:42

 

本篇文章主要讲了RMAN的环境变量NLS_LANG以及NLS_DATE_FORMAT的设置对RMAN的影响。