Given two words (beginWord and endWord), and a dictionary's word list, find the length of shortest transformation sequence from beginWord to endWord, such that:
- Only one letter can be changed at a time.
- Each transformed word must exist in the word list. Note that beginWord is not a transformed word.
For example,
Given:
beginWord = "hit"
endWord = "cog"
wordList = ["hot","dot","dog","lot","log","cog"]
As one shortest transformation is "hit" -> "hot" -> "dot" -> "dog" -> "cog",
return its length 5.
Note:
- Return 0 if there is no such transformation sequence.
- All words have the same length.
- All words contain only lowercase alphabetic characters.
- You may assume no duplicates in the word list.
- You may assume beginWord and endWord are non-empty and are not the same.
UPDATE (2017/1/20):
The wordList parameter had been changed to a list of strings (instead of a set of strings). Please reload the code definition to get the latest changes.
求从beginWord转换到endWord的最短变换
求最短 用bfs
public int ladderLength(String beginWord, String endWord, List<String> wordList) {
HashSet<String> words = new HashSet<>();
words.addAll(wordList);
if (!words.contains(endWord)) return 0;
Queue<String> queue = new LinkedList<>();
queue.offer(beginWord);
int length = 1;
while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
Queue<String> queue2 = new LinkedList<>();
while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
beginWord = queue.poll();
HashSet<String> wordsWithinDistance = getWordsWithinDistance(beginWord, words);
if (wordsWithinDistance.contains(endWord)) return length + 1;
queue2.addAll(wordsWithinDistance);
}
length ++;
queue = queue2;
}
return 0;
}
private HashSet<String> getWordsWithinDistance(String word, HashSet<String> wordList) {
HashSet<String> set = new HashSet<>();
char[] array = word.toCharArray();
for (int i=0; i<array.length; i++) {
char origin = array[i];
for (int j=0; j<26; j++) {
char c = (char) ('a' + j);
if (c == origin) continue;
array[i] = c;
String s = new String(array);
if (wordList.remove(s)) {
set.add(s);
}
}
array[i] = origin;
}
return set;
}
discuss中有一个runtime很短的
public int ladderLength(String beginWord, String endWord, Set<String> wordList) {
Set<String> beginSet = new HashSet<String>(), endSet = new HashSet<String>();
int len = 1;
int strLen = beginWord.length();
HashSet<String> visited = new HashSet<String>();
beginSet.add(beginWord);
endSet.add(endWord);
while (!beginSet.isEmpty() && !endSet.isEmpty()) {
if (beginSet.size() > endSet.size()) {
Set<String> set = beginSet;
beginSet = endSet;
endSet = set;
}
Set<String> temp = new HashSet<String>();
for (String word : beginSet) {
char[] chs = word.toCharArray();
for (int i = 0; i < chs.length; i++) {
for (char c = 'a'; c <= 'z'; c++) {
char old = chs[i];
chs[i] = c;
String target = String.valueOf(chs);
if (endSet.contains(target)) {
return len + 1;
}
if (!visited.contains(target) && wordList.contains(target)) {
temp.add(target);
visited.add(target);
}
chs[i] = old;
}
}
}
beginSet = temp;
len++;
}
return 0;
}
改进点在于 他相当于从两边找 每次把size小的set作为起始set 也就是主动的去缩小搜索空间 所以很快