Python学习笔记二---控制流

range()函数
会生成包含等差数列的列表（给定的终点永远不会在生成的列表中）

range(5)
Out[4]: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]

range(4,10)
Out[5]: [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

range(0,11,2)
Out[6]: [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10]

range(-1,-9,-3)
Out[7]: [-1, -4, -7]

可以结合适用range()与len(),对序列进行依据索引的迭代

a=['one','two','three','four','five']

for i in range(len(a)):
    print i,a[i]

0 one
1 two
2 three
3 four
4 five

然而在大部分情况下使用enumerate()函数会更加方便

break和continue
break用于跳出最近的for或while循环

#算质数
for n in range(2,11):
   for x in range(2,n):
       if n%x==0:
           print n,'equals',x,'*',n/x
           break
   else:
           print n,'is a prime number'
输出：       
2 is a prime number
3 is a prime number
4 equals 2 * 2
5 is a prime number
6 equals 2 * 3
7 is a prime number
8 equals 2 * 4
9 equals 3 * 3
10 equals 2 * 5

下面给这个代码加几个输出观察执行过程

for n in range(2,10):
    print n
    for x in range(2,n):
        print x
        if n%x==0:
            print n,'equals',x,'*',n/x
            break
        print n,x
    else:
        print n,'is a prime number'
输出：        
2
2 is a prime number
3
2
3 2
3 is a prime number
4
2
4 equals 2 * 2
5
2
5 2
3
5 3
4
5 4
5 is a prime number
6
2
6 equals 2 * 3
7
2
7 2
3
7 3
4
7 4
5
7 5
6
7 6
7 is a prime number
8
2
8 equals 2 * 4
9
2
9 2
3
9 equals 3 * 3

continue表示继续下一次迭代