简单工厂模式

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1. 类图

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• Api：功能接口
• ImplA、ImplB：Api接口的实现类
• Factory：工厂，选择合适的实现类来创建Api接口对象
• Client：客户端，通过Factory获取Api接口对象，然后面向Api接口编程

2. 示例

通过工厂类的静态方法获取对象

2.1 功能接口

public abstract class Operation {
    Integer numberA;
    Integer numberB;
    public void setNumberA(Integer numberA){this.numberA = numberA;}
    public void setNumberB(Integer numberB){this.numberB = numberB;}
    abstract Integer getResult();
}

2.2 接口实现类

public class OperationAdd extends Operation {
    @Override
    Integer getResult() {
        return numberA + numberB;
    }
}

public class OperationSub extends Operation {
    @Override
    Integer getResult() {
        return numberA - numberB;
    }
}

2.3 工厂

public class OperationFactory {
    public static Operation createOperation(int condition){
        if (condition == 1) { return new OperationAdd(); }
        if (condition == 2) { return new OperationSub(); }
        throw new RuntimeException("不支持的算法");
    }
}

2.4 客户端

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Operation operation = OperationFactory.createOperation(1);
        operation.setNumberA(100);
        operation.setNumberB(200);
        System.out.println(operation.getResult());
    }
}

3. 优点

工厂类中包含了必要的逻辑判断，根据客户端的选择条件动态实例化相关的类，对于客户端来说，去除了与具体产品的依赖

4. 缺点

违背了开闭原则