std::recursive_mutex 与 std::mutex 一样,也是一种可以被上锁的对象,但是和 std::mutex 不同的是,std::recursive_mutex 允许同一个线程对互斥量多次上锁(即递归上锁),来获得对互斥量对象的多层所有权,std::recursive_mutex 释放互斥量时需要调用与该锁层次深度相同次数的 unlock(),可理解为 lock() 次数和 unlock() 次数相同,除此之外,std::recursive_mutex 的特性和 std::mutex 大致相同。
例如函数a需要获取锁mutex,函数b也需要获取锁mutex,同时函数a中还会调用函数b。如果使用std::mutex必然会造成死锁。但是使用std::recursive_mutex就可以解决这个问题。如下的例子很好说明了这一点:
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <mutex>
class X {
std::recursive_mutex m;
std::string shared;
public:
void fun1() {
std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lk(m);
shared = "fun1";
std::cout << "in fun1, shared variable is now " << shared << '\n';
}
void fun2() {
std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lk(m);
shared = "fun2";
std::cout << "in fun2, shared variable is now " << shared << '\n';
fun1(); // 递归锁在此处变得有用
std::cout << "back in fun2, shared variable is " << shared << '\n';
};
};
int main()
{
X x;
std::thread t1(&X::fun1, &x);
std::thread t2(&X::fun2, &x);
t1.join();
t2.join();
}
可能的输出: in fun1, shared variable is now fun1 in fun2, shared variable is now fun2 in fun1, shared variable is now fun1 back in fun2, shared variable is fun1