4-循环很有趣

构建自己的循环

内建函数range(n):构建一个0到n-1的整数数字列表

        class range(stop)

        class range(start, stop[, step])

内建函数list():构建列表

for语句：        

for_stmt ::=  "for" target_list "in" expression_list ":" suite
              ["else" ":" suite]

用for循环生成四个花瓣        

# Rosette4.py
import turtle
t = turtle.Pen()
for x in range(4):
    t.circle(100)
    t.left(90)

用for循环生成六个花瓣

# Rosette6.py
import turtle
t = turtle.Pen()
for x in range(6):
    t.circle(100)
    t.left(60)

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增加用户输入功能

获取输入的数字字符串：turtle.numinput(title, prompt, default=None, minval=None, maxval=None)

# RosetteGoneWild.py
import turtle
t = turtle.Turtle()
# 询问用户需要画几个花瓣，默认画6个花瓣
number_of_circles = int(turtle.numinput("花瓣数量：","多少个花瓣?", 6))
for x in range(number_of_circles):
    t.circle(100)
    t.left(360/number_of_circles)

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游戏循环和while循环

while语句：适合循环次数不确定的情况        

while_stmt ::=  "while" assignment_expression ":" suite
                ["else" ":" suite]

# SayOurNames.py - 在屏幕上打印人名
# 询问用户想要输入哪个人的名字
name = input("输入某个人的名字? ")
# 一直打印名字直到用户想退出
while name != "":
    # 输出名字100次
    for x in range(100):
        # 打印名字后再打印一个空格
        print(name, end = " ")
    print()   # 打印100次名字后，空一行
    # 询问另一人的名字或者退出程序
    name = input("输入另一个人的名字, 或者按 [ENTER]键 退出: ")
print("游戏结束，谢谢你玩这个游戏!")

家庭成员螺旋线

# SpiralFamily.py - prints a colorful spiral of names
import turtle     
t = turtle.Turtle()  
turtle.bgcolor("black") # 设置窗口的背景色
colors = ["red", "yellow", "blue", "green", "orange",
        "purple", "white", "brown", "gray", "pink" ]
family = []       # 设置一个用于存储家庭成员姓名的空列表
# 要求用户输入第一个名字
name = turtle.textinput("我的家庭",
                        "输入一个名字, 或者按 [ENTER]键 退出:")
# 一直询问用户
while name != "":
    # 添加名字到family列表
    family.append(name)
    # 询问另一个名字或者退出
    name = turtle.textinput("我的家庭",
                        "输入一个名字, 或者按 [ENTER]键 退出:")
# 画出由这些名字构成的螺旋线
for x in range(100):
    t.pencolor(colors[x%len(family)]) # 通过颜色列表来轮换画笔的颜色
    t.penup()                         # 不要画常规的螺旋线
    t.forward(x*4)                    # 移动海龟
    t.pendown()                       # 准备画名字，名字也轮换的
    t.write(family[x%len(family)], font = ("Arial", int((x+4)/4), "bold") )
    t.left(360/len(family) + 2)         # 海龟左转

整合-由螺旋线构成风扇叶子

# ViralSpiral.py - 由螺旋线构成风扇叶子!
import turtle
t = turtle.Turtle()
t.penup()
turtle.bgcolor("black")
# 风扇叶子默认是4片，最少2片，最多6片
sides = int(turtle.numinput("风扇叶子数量",
            "风扇叶子数量? (2-6)", 4,2,6))
colors = ["red", "yellow", "blue", "green", "purple", "orange"]
# 外部循环确定每条螺旋线的起始位置
for m in range(100):
    t.forward(m*4)
    position = t.position() # Remember this corner of the spiral
    heading = t.heading()   # Remember the direction we were heading
    print(position, heading)
    # 内部循环制作螺旋线
    # Draws a little spiral at each corner of the big spiral
    for n in range(int(m/2)):
        t.pendown()
        t.pencolor(colors[n%sides])
        t.forward(2*n)
        t.right(360/sides - 2)
        t.penup()
    t.setx(position[0])     # Go back to the big spiral's x location
    t.sety(position[1])     # Go back to the big spiral's y location
    t.setheading(heading)   # Point in the big spiral's heading
    t.left(360/sides + 2)   # Aim at the next point on the big spiral

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编程挑战

螺旋线玫瑰花瓣

修改病毒式的螺旋线程序，将小的螺旋线替换为玫瑰花瓣，运行结果如下图