装饰器在python中扮演着很重要的作用,例如插入日志等,装饰器可以为添加额外的功能同时又不影响业务函数的功能。
比如,运行业务函数fun()同时打印运行花费的时间
1,运行业务函数fun()同时打印运行花费的时间
import time
def dec(fun):
start = time.time()
fun()
end = time.time()
a = end - start
print a
def myfun():
print 'run myfunction'
dec(myfun)
运行结果
(virt2) root@ubuntu:/home/z# python z.py
run myfunction
0.00108599662781
但是每次运行myfun都要调用dec,下面作下变动解决这个问题
2,
import time
def dec(fun):
def wrap():
start = time.time()
fun()
end = time.time()
a = end - start
print a
return wrap
def myfun():
print 'run myfunction'
myfun=dec(myfun)
myfun()
运行结果:
(virt2) root@ubuntu:/home/z# python z.py
run myfunction
0.00122618675232
这个装饰器dec就实现了,并且不影响函数myfun功能
3,装饰器@符
import time
def dec(fun):
def wrap():
start = time.time()
fun()
end = time.time()
a = end - start
print a
return wrap
@dec
def myfun():
print 'run myfunction'
myfun()
结果
(virt2) root@ubuntu:/home/z# python z.py
run myfunction
0.000470876693726
使用了@后,就不用给myfun重新赋值了
@dec就相当于myfun=dec(myfun)
例子:
def level(leveel): def debug(func): def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): print("[DEBUG]: enter {}()".format(func.__name__),leveel) return func(*args, **kwargs) return wrapper return debug @level(leveel='debuging') def say(something): print ("hello {}!".format(something)) say(123) ''' class logging(object): def __init__(self, func): self.func = func def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs): print ("[DEBUG]: enter function {func}()".format( func=self.func.__name__)) return self.func(*args, **kwargs) @logging def say(something): print ("say {}!".format(something)) ''' class logging(object): def __init__(self, level='INFO'): self.level = level def __call__(self, func): # 接受函数 def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): print ("[{level}]: enter function {func}()".format( level=self.level, func=func.__name__)) func(*args, **kwargs) return wrapper #返回函数 @logging(level='INFO') def say(something): print ("say {}!".format(something)) say(123)