使用 10046 查看执行计划并读懂 trace 文件

查看 sql 执行计划的方法有许多种, 10046 事件就是其中的一种. 与其他查看 sql 执行计划不同, 当我们遇到比较复杂的 sql 语句, 我们可以通过 10046 跟踪 sql 得到执行计划中每一个步骤的逻辑读, 物理读以及花费的时间等. 这种细粒度的跟踪对于我们分析 sql 性能尤其有用.

一般来说, 使用 10046 事件得到 sql 执行计划的步骤如下:
1. 激活当前 session 10046 事件
2. 在当前 session 中执行 sql 语句
3. 关闭当前 session 10046 事件

执行完上述步骤后, 通常会自动生成一个 trace 文件. 在 oracle 11g 中, trace 文件一般放在 $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/{database_name}/$ORACLE_SID/trace 目录下. 如果使用 oradebug 激活跟踪 10046后, 可以使用 oradebug tracefile_name 得到刚刚生成的 trace 文件的完整路径.

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
background_dump_dest                 string      g:\app\davidd\diag\rdbms\david
                                                 \david\trace

刚刚提到的 oradebug 激活跟踪 10046 事件, 我想大部分 dba 都会使用. oradebug 是个功能强大非常好用的工具, 使用 oradebug help 将会看到它的功能很多

SQL> oradebug help
HELP           [command]                 		Describe one or all commands
SETMYPID                                 		Debug current process
SETOSPID       <ospid>                   		Set OS pid of process to debug
SETORAPID      <orapid> ['force']        		Set Oracle pid of process to debug
SETORAPNAME    <orapname>                		Set Oracle process name to debug
SHORT_STACK                              		Get abridged OS stack
CURRENT_SQL                              		Get current SQL
DUMP           <dump_name> <lvl> [addr]  		Invoke named dump
DUMPSGA        [bytes]                   		Dump fixed SGA
DUMPLIST                                 		Print a list of available dumps
EVENT          <text>                    		Set trace event in process
SESSION_EVENT  <text>                    		Set trace event in session
DUMPVAR        <p|s|uga> <name> [level]  		Print/dump a fixed PGA/SGA/UGA variable
DUMPTYPE       <address> <type> <count>  		Print/dump an address with type info
SETVAR         <p|s|uga> <name> <value>  		Modify a fixed PGA/SGA/UGA variable
PEEK           <addr> <len> [level]      		Print/Dump memory
POKE           <addr> <len> <value>      		Modify memory
WAKEUP         <orapid>                  		Wake up Oracle process
SUSPEND                                  		Suspend execution
RESUME                                   		Resume execution
FLUSH                                    		Flush pending writes to trace file
CLOSE_TRACE                              		Close trace file
TRACEFILE_NAME                           		Get name of trace file
LKDEBUG                                  		Invoke global enqueue service debugger
NSDBX                                    		Invoke CGS name-service debugger
-G             <Inst-List | def | all>   		Parallel oradebug command prefix
-R             <Inst-List | def | all>   		Parallel oradebug prefix (return output
SETINST        <instance# .. | all>      		Set instance list in double quotes
SGATOFILE      <SGA dump dir>            		Dump SGA to file; dirname in double quotes
DMPCOWSGA      <SGA dump dir> 		 		Dump & map SGA as COW; dirname in double quotes
MAPCOWSGA      <SGA dump dir>            		Map SGA as COW; dirname in double quotes
HANGANALYZE    [level] [syslevel]        		Analyze system hang
FFBEGIN                                  		Flash Freeze the Instance
FFDEREGISTER                             		FF deregister instance from cluster
FFTERMINST                               		Call exit and terminate instance
FFRESUMEINST                             		Resume the flash frozen instance
FFSTATUS                                 		Flash freeze status of instance
SKDSTTPCS      <ifname>  <ofname>        		Helps translate PCs to names
WATCH          <address> <len> <self|exist|all|target>  Watch a region of memory
DELETE         <local|global|target> watchpoint <id>    Delete a watchpoint
SHOW           <local|global|target> watchpoints        Show  watchpoints
DIRECT_ACCESS  <set/enable/disable command | select query> Fixed table access
CORE                                     		Dump core without crashing process
IPC                                      		Dump ipc info