Java中多层异常包裹时候获取最底层的最真实异常-分析Java异常栈

示例代码：

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

class AudienceLimitExcption extends Exception {
    public AudienceLimitExcption(String message, Throwable cause) {
        super(message, cause);
    }
}

class Task implements Callable {

    @Override
    public Object call() throws Exception {
        try {
            System.out.println(1 / 0);
        } catch (Exception e) {

            throw new AudienceLimitExcption("limit error", e);
        }

        return 1;
    }
}

 

代码异常1：

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Object r = null;
        ExecutorService es = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4);
        try {
            Future f = es.submit(new Task());
            r = f.get();
            System.out.println();
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            System.out.println(e.getClass());
        }
    }
}

输出结果：class java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException  不是最真实的底层抛出去的异常。

分析异常栈：

会发现当cause==当前异常时候就是最真实异常，于是代码如下：

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Object r = null;
        ExecutorService es = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4);
        try {
            Future f = es.submit(new Task());
            r = f.get();
            System.out.println();
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            while (e != null) {
                Throwable cause = e.getCause();
                if (e.equals(cause)) {
                    System.out.println(e);
                }
                e = cause;
            }
        }
    }
}

运行发现没有输出，debug发现当e为真实异常时候，e.getCause方法返回值为null。因此if分支无法为true，所以没有输出。与上图异常栈分析结论相悖，只能查看一下getCause方法实现：

    public synchronized Throwable getCause() {
        return (cause==this ? null : cause);
    }

JDK实现时候，当cause等于当前异常e时候直接返回null，因此正确方案如下：

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Object r = null;
        ExecutorService es = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4);
        try {
            Future f = es.submit(new Task());
            r = f.get();
            System.out.println();
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            while (e != null) {
                Throwable cause = e.getCause();
                if (cause == null) {
                    System.out.println(e.getClass());
                }
                e = cause;
            }
        }
    }
}

输出结果也就是1/0最真实的异常类型：class java.lang.ArithmeticException