Ubuntu 18.04安装与配置

====================
Ubuntu 18.04 Journal
====================

    user@group:~$ sudo lsb_release -a
    No LSB modules are available.
    Distributor ID: Ubuntu
    Description:    Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS
    Release:        18.04
    Codename:       bionic

    安装过好多次Ubuntu了。因为在使用过程中，难免误操作引起系统崩溃或者安装移除太多软件，使系统运行速度降低，
但是每次安装之后，似乎都要花不少时间对系统进行设置，这是一件麻烦的事情。为了节省时间，我决定用一个文件来记录
自己对新装的系统做了那安装和修改，以便于以后做重复劳动时，心里有个数。

    这篇文档就用做安装日记，并在以后保持更新。

    ==================
    I. System Settings
    ==================

    1. change the password for root user.

    $ sudo passwd root

    2. change /etc/sudoers so that user can execute sudo command without password.
    The file permission is 0440, you should use 'visudo' to edit it.

    $ sudo visudo

       from:
       %sudo    ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
       to:
       %sudo    ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL

       PS: you may also need to add the user to sudo group in /etc/group.

    3. make symbolic links /bin/sh to /bin/bash

    $ sudo ln -sf /bin/bash /bin/sh

    4. you may need customize your own ~/.bashrc or ~/.profile, and have you own ~/bin and so on.

    5. change Ubuntu hostname in the file /etc/hostname & /etc/hosts.

    6. disable firewall

    $ sudo ufw disable

    7. for notebook user, intall xbacklight to set sceen brightness.

    $ sudo apt-get install xbacklight -y

    8. install gconf-editor to configure system programmes:

    $ sudo apt-get install gconf-editor -y

    PS: in Ubuntu 12.10, there is a dconf-editor. so gconf-editor is obsolete.

    9. install sysv-rc-conf to manage service programmes

    $ sudo apt-get install sysv-rc-conf -y

    10. language support in 'System Settings -> Language Support'. If you have
        other input method(e.g: fcitx, scim) installed, you need to change to
        use it by the feature 'Keyboard input method system' here.

    11. maybe need change display resolution in 'System Settings -> Displays'.

    12. wmctrl - interact with a EWMH/NetWM compatible X Window Manager

    $ sudo apt-get install wmctrl -y

    Command: wmctrl -r :ACTIVE: -b toggle,above

    13. install parcellite clipboard, the reason is that when
    gnome-settings-daemon shares clipborad between user programme and system,
    it just copy the link not real data. therefore, when the application exit,
    it can use the content in the clipboard. using parcellite can resolve this
    problem!

    $ sudo apt-get install parcellite -y

    14. create git account for gitolite serve