row_number() over(partition by '分组' order by '日期')

 实例1 
 create table gao (id int ,date1 datetime,zhi NUMERIC(12,3))
---drop table gao


insert into gao values(1,'2016-5-3 00:12:00',60.2)
insert into gao values(2,'2016-4-3 00:12:00',90.2)
insert into gao values(3,'2016-3-3 00:12:00',70.2)
insert into gao values(3,'2016-6-3 00:12:00',60.2)
insert into gao values(4,'2016-7-3 00:12:00',30.2)
insert into gao values(4,'2016-8-3 00:12:00',30.2)
 
 
select id,date1,zhi,rownum   from (
select  row_number() over(partition by  id  order by date1 ) as rownum, *  from gao 
) t where t.rownum=1


----------------------
 select * from 
(
select row_number() over(partition by '分组' order by '日期') as rownum -- 排序并分组
, * -- 所需显示的字段
from 表
) as T
where T.rownum = 1


对每组的数据按日期排序并加上行号
取出时只取行号为1，也就是第一条数据。