【kafka系列教程19】kafka消息传递保障

Now that we understand a little about how producers and consumers work, let's discuss the semantic guarantees Kafka provides between producer and consumer. Clearly there are multiple possible message delivery guarantees that could be provided:
现在我们了解一些关于生产者和消费者是如何工作的，接下来我们来讨论kafka提供了生产者和消费者之间的担保语义。有多种可能的消息传递保证可以提供：

• At most once—Messages may be lost but are never redelivered.
  最多一次 --- 消息可能丢失，但绝不会重发。
• At least once—Messages are never lost but may be redelivered.
  至少一次 --- 消息绝不会丢失，但有可能重新发送。
• Exactly once—this is what people actually want, each message is delivered once and only once.
  正好一次 --- 这是人们真正想要的，每个消息传递一次且仅一次。

 

It's worth noting that this breaks down into two problems: the durability guarantees for publishing a message and the guarantees when consuming a message.

可分解成两个问题：发送消息时的耐久性保障和消费消息的保障。

 

Many systems claim to provide "exactly once" delivery semantics, but it is important to read the fine print, most of these claims are misleading (i.e. they don't translate to the case where consumers or producers can fail, or cases where there are multiple consumer processes, or cases where data written to disk can be lost).

很多消息系统声称提供“正好一次”的传递语义，但是在阅读相关文章时，更多是误导（例如，它们没有解释消费者或生产者可能失败的情况，有多个消费者进程的情况，或写入磁盘的数据可能丢失的情况）

 

Kafka's semantics are straight-forward. When publishing a message we have a notion of the message being "committed" to the log. Once a published message is committed it will not be lost as long as one broker that replicates the partition to which this message was written remains "alive". The definition of alive as well as a description of which types of failures we attempt to handle will be described in more detail in the next section. For now let's assume a perfect, lossless broker and try to understand the guarantees to the