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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-29 22:08:27 发布

南京短暂的春天

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-29 22:08:27 发布

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分类专栏： c++ 文章标签： microsoft dll library file windows exe

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/dcmilan/article/details/7986961

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10 篇文章 0 订阅

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如果你正在学习c++ cookbook，那这篇文章对你会很有帮助

在阅读本文之前，请先看这篇文章

http://blog.csdn.net/dcmilan/article/details/7983697

1. 准备工作

1.1创建3个文件夹

johnpaul, georgeringo, hellobeatles

1.2加入源文件

根据注释提示的目录创建源文件

// johnpaul/john.hpp

#ifndef JOHN_HPP_INCLUDED

#define JOHN_HPP_INCLUDED

 

void john( ); // Prints "John, "

 

#endif // JOHN_HPP_INCLUDED

---------------------------------------------

// johnpaul/john.cpp

#include <iostream>

#include "john.hpp"

 

void john( )

{

   std::cout << "John, ";

}

---------------------------------------------

// johnpaul/paul.hpp

#ifndef PAUL_HPP_INCLUDED

#define PAUL_HPP_INCLUDED

 

void paul( ); // Prints " Paul, "

 

#endif // PAUL_HPP_INCLUDED

---------------------------------------------

// johnpaul/paul.cpp

#include <iostream>

#include "paul.hpp"

 

void paul( )

{

   std::cout << "Paul, ";

}

---------------------------------------------

// johnpaul/johnpaul.hpp

#ifndef JOHNPAUL_HPP_INCLUDED

#define JOHNPAUL_HPP_INCLUDED

 

void johnpaul( ); // Prints "John, Paul, "

 

#endif // JOHNPAUL_HPP_INCLUDED

---------------------------------------------

// johnpaul/johnpaul.cpp

 

#include "john.hpp"

#include "paul.hpp"

#include "johnpaul.hpp"

 

void johnpaul( )

{

   john( );

   paul( );

}

---------------------------------------------

// georgeringo/george.hpp

#ifndef GEORGE_HPP_INCLUDED

#define GEORGE_HPP_INCLUDED

 

void george( ); // Prints "George, "

 

#endif // GEORGE_HPP_INCLUDED

---------------------------------------------

// georgeringo/george.cpp

#include <iostream>

#include "george.hpp"

 

void george( )

{

   std::cout << "George, ";

}

---------------------------------------------

// georgeringo/ringo.hpp

#ifndef RINGO_HPP_INCLUDED

#define RINGO_HPP_INCLUDED

 

void ringo( ); // Prints "and Ringo\n"

 

#endif // RINGO_HPP_INCLUDED

---------------------------------------------

// georgeringo/ringo.cpp

#include <iostream>

#include "ringo.hpp"

 

void ringo( )

{

   std::cout << "and Ringo\n";

}

---------------------------------------------

// georgeringo/georgeringo.hpp

#ifndef GEORGERINGO_HPP_INCLUDED

#define GEORGERINGO_HPP_INCLUDED

// define GEORGERINGO_DLL when building libgerogreringo.dll

# if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__GNUC__)

# ifdef GEORGERINGO_DLL

# define GEORGERINGO_DECL _ _declspec(dllexport)

# else

# define GEORGERINGO_DECL _ _declspec(dllimport)

# endif

# endif // WIN32

#ifndef GEORGERINGO_DECL

# define GEORGERINGO_DECL

#endif

// Prints "George, and Ringo\n"

#ifdef __MWERKS__

# pragma export on

#endif

 

GEORGERINGO_DECL void georgeringo( );

 

#ifdef __MWERKS__

# pragma export off

#endif

#endif // GEORGERINGO_HPP_INCLUDED

---------------------------------------------

// georgeringo/ georgeringo.cpp

#include "george.hpp"

#include "ringo.hpp"

#include "georgeringo.hpp"

 

void georgeringo( )

{

   george( );

   ringo( );

}

---------------------------------------------

// hellobeatles/ hellobeatles.cpp

#include "../johnpaul/johnpaul.hpp"

#include "../georgeringo/georgeringo.hpp"

 

int main( )

{

   // Prints "John, Paul, George, and Ringo\n"

   johnpaul( );

   georgeringo( );

}

2. 生成目标文件

在cmd下，进入每个cpp对应得目录运用g++命令

为每个cpp创建目标文件

命令格式：g++ -c –o john.o john.cpp或g++ -c john.cpp，这样就会默认生成与cpp同名的.o文件

一共有7个cpp，对应生成7个.o文件

3. 生成静态库

使用johnpaul文件夹中的文件生成静态库

命令格式为：ar ru libjohnpaul.a john.o paul.o johnpaul.o

生成的.a文件就是静态库

ar归档(archiver)的目的就是为了把多个.o文件打包，这样看起来更加清爽，也便于传播

4. 生成动态库

使用georgeringo文件夹中的文件生成动态库(dll)

命令格式为：g++ -shared –fPIC –o libgeorgeringo.so george.o ringo.o georgeringo.o

生成了一个.so文件，然后继续下面的命令(so代表shared object)

g++ -shared –o libgeorgeringo.dll Wl,--out-implib,libgeorgeringo.a –Wl,--export-all-symbols –Wl,--enable-auto-image-base george.o ringo.o georgeringo.o

这个生成的dll一会要放到生成的exe对应的文件夹里

5. 生成可执行文件

切换到hellobeatles文件夹

命令：g++ -o hellobeatles hellobeatles.o ../johnpaul/libjohnpaul.a ../georgeringo/libgeorgeringo.a

生成可执行文件hellobeatles.exe

将georgeringo文件夹中的dll拷贝到可执行文件的目录下，然后运行显示

John, Paul, George, and Ringo

6.完整执行过程

Microsoft Windows [版本 6.1.7600]

C:\Users\ztn>cd D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\johnpaul

C:\Users\ztn>d:

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\johnpaul>dir /w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\johnpaul的目录

[.] [..] john.cpp john.hpp johnpaul.cpp

johnpaul.hpp paul.cpp paul.hpp

6 个文件 819字节

2 个目录 117,802,258,432可用字节

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\johnpaul>g++ -c -o john.o john.cpp

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\johnpaul>g++ -c -o paul.o paul.cpp

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\johnpaul>g++ -c -o johnpaul.o johnpaul.cp

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\johnpaul>ar ru libjohnpaul.a john.o paul.

johnpaul.o

ar: creating libjohnpaul.a

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\johnpaul>ranlib libjohnpaul.a

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\johnpaul>cd..

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles>cd georgeringo

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo>dir/w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo的目录

[.] [..] george.cpp george.hpp

georgeringo.cpp georgeringo.hpp ringo.cpp ringo.hpp

6 个文件 1,356字节

2 个目录 117,802,246,144可用字节

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo>g++ -c -o george.o george.cpp

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo>g++ -c -o ringo.o ringo.cpp

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo>g++ -c -o georgeringo.o georg

ringo.cpp

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo>g++ -shared -fPIC -o libgeorg

ringo.so george.o ringo.o georgeringo.o

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo>g++ -shared -o libgeorgeringo

dll -Wl,--out-implib,libgeorgeringo.a -Wl,--export-all-symbols -Wl,--enable-aut

-image-base george.o ringo.o georgeringo.o

Creating library file: libgeorgeringo.a

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo>cd..

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles>cd hellobeatles

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\hellobeatles>dir/w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\hellobeatles的目录

[.] [..] hellobeatles.cpp

1 个文件 213字节

2 个目录 117,794,668,544可用字节

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\hellobeatles>g++ -c -o hellobeatles.o hel

obeatles.cpp

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\hellobeatles>g++ -o hellobeatles hellobea

les.o ../johnpaul/libjohnpaul.a ../georgeringo/libgeorgeringo.a

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\hellobeatles>hellobeatles

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\hellobeatles>cd..

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles>dir/w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles的目录

[.] [..] [binaries] [georgeringo] [hellobeatles]

[johnpaul]

0 个文件 0字节

6 个目录 117,790,896,128可用字节

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles>cd georgeringo

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo>dir/w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo的目录

[.] [..] george.cpp

george.hpp george.o georgeringo.cpp

georgeringo.hpp georgeringo.o libgeorgeringo.a

libgeorgeringo.dll libgeorgeringo.so ringo.cpp

ringo.hpp ringo.o

12 个文件 7,568,495字节

2 个目录 117,790,896,128可用字节

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo>cd..

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles>dir/w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles的目录

[.] [..] [binaries] [georgeringo] [hellobeatles]

[johnpaul]

0 个文件 0字节

6 个目录 117,790,896,128可用字节

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles>cd johnpaul

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\johnpaul>dir/w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\johnpaul的目录

[.] [..] john.cpp john.hpp john.o

johnpaul.cpp johnpaul.hpp johnpaul.o paul.cpp paul.hpp

paul.o

9 个文件 4,293字节

2 个目录 117,790,896,128可用字节

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\johnpaul>ar ru libjohnpaul.a john.o paul.

johnpaul.o

ar: creating libjohnpaul.a

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\johnpaul>cd..

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles>dir/w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles的目录

[.] [..] [binaries] [georgeringo] [hellobeatles]

[johnpaul]

0 个文件 0字节

6 个目录 117,798,457,344可用字节

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles>cd georgeringo

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo>dir/w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo的目录

[.] [..] george.cpp george.hpp

george.o georgeringo.cpp georgeringo.hpp georgeringo.o

ringo.cpp ringo.hpp ringo.o

9 个文件 4,851字节

2 个目录 117,798,457,344可用字节

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo>g++ -shared -fPIC -o libgeorg

ringo.so george.o ringo.o georgeringo.o

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo>g++ -shared -o libgeorgeringo

dll -Wl,--out-implib,libgeorgeringo.a -Wl,--export-all-symbols -Wl,--enable-aut

-image-base george.o ringo.o georgeringo.o

Creating library file: libgeorgeringo.a

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\georgeringo>cd..

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles>dir/w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles的目录

[.] [..] [binaries] [georgeringo] [hellobeatles]

[johnpaul]

0 个文件 0字节

6 个目录 117,794,660,352可用字节

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles>cd hellobeatles

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\hellobeatles>dir/w

驱动器 D中的卷没有标签。

卷的序列号是 73B6-6CE1

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\hellobeatles的目录

[.] [..] hellobeatles.cpp hellobeatles.o

2 个文件 899字节

2 个目录 117,794,660,352可用字节

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\hellobeatles>g++ -o hellobeatles hellobea

les.o ../johnpaul/libjohnpaul.a ../georgeringo/libgeorgeringo.a

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\hellobeatles>hellobeatles

John, Paul, George, and Ringo

D:\Exercise\CookExample\Chap1\beatles\hellobeatles>

7. 补充：以mytime0为例(代码来自cpp primer plus 5th edition)

1.配置好gcc的环境变量之后，建立一个文件夹，里面有3个文件。

2.复制代码，点击下面的view plain按钮可以复制没有行号的代码

// mytime0.cpp  -- implementing Time methods
#include <iostream>
#include "mytime0.h"

Time::Time()
{
    hours = minutes = 0;
}

Time::Time(int h, int m )
{
    hours = h;
    minutes = m;
}

void Time::AddMin(int m)
{
    minutes += m;
    hours += minutes / 60;
    minutes %= 60;
}
void Time::AddHr(int h)
{
    hours += h;
}

void Time::Reset(int h, int m)
{
    hours = h;
    minutes = m;
}

Time Time::Sum(const Time & t) const
{
    Time sum;
    sum.minutes = minutes + t.minutes;
    sum.hours = hours + t.hours + sum.minutes / 60;
    sum.minutes %= 60;
    return sum;
}

void Time::Show() const
{
    std::cout << hours << " hours, " << minutes << " minutes";
}

// mytime0.h -- Time class before operator overloading
#ifndef MYTIME0_H_
#define MYTIME0_H_

class Time
{
private:
    int hours;
    int minutes;
public:
    Time();
    Time(int h, int m = 0);
    void AddMin(int m);
    void AddHr(int h);
    void Reset(int h = 0, int m = 0);
    Time Sum(const Time & t) const;
    void Show() const;
};
#endif

// usetime0.cpp -- using the first draft of the Time class
// compile usetime0.cpp and mytime0.cpp together
#include <iostream>
#include "mytime0.h"

int main()
{
    using std::cout;
    using std::endl;
    Time planning;
    Time coding(2, 40);
    Time fixing(5, 55);
	Time total;

    cout << "planning time = ";
    planning.Show();
    cout << endl;
 
    cout << "coding time = ";
    coding.Show();
    cout << endl;
    
    cout << "fixing time = ";
    fixing.Show();
    cout << endl;

    total = coding.Sum(fixing);
    cout << "coding.Sum(fixing) = ";
    total.Show();
    cout << endl;
   
    return 0;
}

3.进入CMD并切换到指定文件夹