清空string 容器与vector容器（转载）

说明
在STL中 vector和string 是比较特殊的，clear()之后是不会释放内存空间的，也就是size()会清零，但capacity()不会改变，需要手动去释放，说明 clear() 没有释放内存。
想释放空间的话，除了swap一个空string外，c++11里新加入的的std::basic_string::shrink_to_fit 也可以。

代码
注意string的swap清空方法为：string().swap(str);

vector的swap清空方法为：nums.swap(vector<int>());

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
 
int main()
{
    std::string s;
    std::cout << "Default-constructed capacity is " << s.capacity()
        << " and size is " << s.size() << '\n';
    for (int i = 0; i < 42; i++)
        s.append(" 42 ");
    std::cout << "Capacity after a couple of appends is " << s.capacity()
        << " and size is " << s.size() << '\n';
    s.clear();
    std::cout << "Capacity after clear() is " << s.capacity()
        << " and size is " << s.size() << '\n';
    s.shrink_to_fit();
    std::cout << "Capacity after shrink_to_fit() is " << s.capacity()
        << " and size is " << s.size() << '\n';
    for (int i = 0; i < 42; i++)
        s.append(" 42 ");
    std::cout << "Capacity after a couple of appends is " << s.capacity()
        << " and size is " << s.size() << '\n';
    string().swap(s);
    std::cout << "Capacity after swap() is " << s.capacity()
        << " and size is " << s.size() << '\n';
}

输出为：

Default-constructed capacity is 15 and size is 0
Capacity after a couple of appends is 235 and size is 168
Capacity after clear() is 235 and size is 0
Capacity after shrink_to_fit() is 15 and size is 0
Capacity after a couple of appends is 235 and size is 168
Capacity after swap() is 15 and size is 0
 
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原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41687938/article/details/117731243

C++ string清空并释放内存空间的两种方法(shrink_to_fit()、swap())_c++ string 释放-CSDN博客