数据库基础教程（1）：windows下环境配置和初步操作

首先登陆官网。我们在这里选用的是社区版本的win64sql。版本号为5.7.13
在网站上，我们很容易就找教程和技术手册
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/tutorial.html
当然你也可以
mysql –help来寻求帮助
安装完成后首先修改默认设置my_default.ini

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.

[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
# basedir = .....
# datadir = .....
# port = .....
# server_id = .....


# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M 

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES 


#myOwn
#使用端口
port = 3306
#设置字符集
default-character-set=utf8
#设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
datadir=D:\mysql-5.7.13-winx64\data
# 允许最大连接数
max_connections=200
#服务器端使用的字符集
character-set-server=utf8
# 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
default-storage-engine=INNODB 

然后，安装服务
请手动切换到mysql的bin目录下
输入以下命令，（因为版本的原因，我们的命令可能不相同）


请保证所设置的data文件夹为空
mysqld –initialize
mysqld –install
net start mysqld

如果你不愿意每次都切换目录的话，可以将这个目录放在环境变量path下面。

下面介绍下一些常用操作：

连接和断开数据库
mysql -h host -u user -p
host在这里指代逆向登陆的计算机名。不过，如果我们只打算登陆本地计算机的数据库的话，不用加-h选项
使用QUIT命令可以断开数据库
初始的登录操作为
mysql -u root -p
密码为空

检查数据库基本设置
实际上对于mysql关键字大小写随意，但是我们更乐意统一大写
SHOW DATABASES；
显示已经配置的数据库
SELECT VERSION(), CURRENT_DATE;
显示当前版本和日期
SELECT USER();

查询表单
一个典型的查询语句如下图所示
mgsql>SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE name = ‘Smith’ AND age < 30;
注意，在sql语句中经常由于过于复杂，在一行写完实在容易得颈椎病，于是mgsql中有换行机制，此时，开始的mysql>提示符会产生变化。

mysql>  Ready for new query
->  Waiting for next line of multiple-line query
'>  Waiting for next line, waiting for completion of a string that began with a single quote (“'”)
">  Waiting for next line, waiting for completion of a string that began with a double quote (“"”)
`>  Waiting for next line, waiting for completion of an identifier that began with a backtick (“`”)
/*> Waiting for next line, waiting for completion of a comment that began with /*

另外一些简单的操作请参见

在这里，我们先介绍如何让数据库支持远程操作
新建一个用户，让用户可以在任何地点访问数据库

然后对用户修改密码

如果连接不上，更改防火墙设置就好了。
另外一些简单的操作可以欣赏
http://www.cnblogs.com/mr-wid/archive/2013/05/09/3068229.html