JVM源代码阅读（OpenJDK7)

JVM源代码是一个巨大的焦油坑。

├─agent                            Serviceability Agent的实现
├─make                             用来build出HotSpot的各种配置文件
├─src                              HotSpot VM的源代码
│  ├─cpu                            CPU相关代码
│  ├─os                             操作系相关代码
│  ├─os_cpu                         操作系统+CPU的组合相关的代码
│  └─share                          平台无关的共通代码
│      ├─tools                        工具
│      │  ├─hsdis                      反汇编插件
│      │  ├─IdealGraphVisualizer       将server编译器的中间代码可视化的工具
│      │  ├─launcher                   启动程序“java”
│      │  ├─LogCompilation             将-XX:+LogCompilation输出的日志（hotspot.log）整理成更容易阅读的格式的工具
│      │  └─ProjectCreator             生成Visual Studio的project文件的工具
│      └─vm                           HotSpot VM的核心代码
│          ├─adlc                       平台描述文件（上面的cpu或os_cpu里的*.ad文件）的编译器
│          ├─asm                        汇编器接口
│          ├─c1                         client编译器
│          ├─ci                         动态编译器的公共服务/接口
│          ├─classfile                  类文件的处理（包括类加载和系统符号表等）
│          ├─code                       动态生成的代码的管理
│          ├─compiler                   编译器接口
│          ├─gc_implementation          GC的实现
│          │  ├─concurrentMarkSweep      Concurrent Mark Sweep GC的实现
│          │  ├─g1                       Garbage-First GC的实现（不使用老的分代式GC框架）
│          │  ├─parallelScavenge         ParallelScavenge GC的实现（server VM默认，不使用老的分代式GC框架）
│          │  ├─parNew                   ParNew GC的实现
│          │  └─shared                   GC的共通实现
│          ├─gc_interface               GC的接口
│          ├─interpreter                解释器，包括“模板解释器”（官方版在用）和“C++解释器”（官方版不在用）
│          ├─libadt                     一些抽象数据结构
│          ├─memory                     内存管理相关（老的分代式GC框架也在这里）
│          ├─oops                       HotSpot VM的对象系统的实现
│          ├─opto                       server编译器
│          ├─prims                      HotSpot VM的对外接口，包括部分标准库的native部分和JVMTI实现
│          ├─runtime                    运行时支持库（包括线程管理、编译器调度、锁、反射等）
│          ├─services                   主要是用来支持JMX之类的管理功能的接口
│          ├─shark                      基于LLVM的JIT编译器（官方版里没有使用）
│          └─utilities                  一些基本的工具类
└─test                             单元测试

来源https://hllvm-group.iteye.com/group/topic/26998#193368 RednaxelaFX大神。

入口函数

int
main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
    char *jarfile = 0;
    char *classname = 0;
    char *s = 0;
    char *main_class = NULL;
    int ret;
    InvocationFunctions ifn;
    jlong start, end;
    char jrepath[MAXPATHLEN], jvmpath[MAXPATHLEN];
    char ** original_argv = argv;

    if (getenv("_JAVA_LAUNCHER_DEBUG") != 0) {
        _launcher_debug = JNI_TRUE;
        printf("----_JAVA_LAUNCHER_DEBUG----\n");
    }

    /* copy original argv */
    {
      int i;
      original_argv = (char**)JLI_MemAlloc(sizeof(char*)*(argc+1));
      for(i = 0; i < argc+1; i++)
        original_argv[i] = argv[i];
    }

	//查找JRE的路径，加载自己的动态连接库。
    CreateExecutionEnvironment(&argc, &argv,
                               jrepath, sizeof(jrepath),
                               jvmpath, sizeof(jvmpath),
                               original_argv);

    printf("Using java runtime at: %s\n", jrepath);

    ifn.CreateJavaVM = 0;
    ifn.GetDefaultJavaVMInitArgs = 0;

    if (_launcher_debug)
      start = CounterGet();
    if (!LoadJavaVM(jvmpath, &ifn)) {
      exit(6);
    }
    if (_launcher_debug) {
      end   = CounterGet();
      printf("%ld micro seconds to LoadJavaVM\n",
             (long)(jint)Counter2Micros(end-start));
    }

#ifdef JAVA_ARGS  /* javac, jar and friends. */
    progname = "java";
#else             /* java, oldjava, javaw and friends */
#ifdef PROGNAME
    progname = PROGNAME;
#else
    progname = *argv;
    if ((s = strrchr(progname, FILE_SEPARATOR)) != 0) {
        progname = s + 1;
    }
#endif /* PROGNAME */
#endif /* JAVA_ARGS */
    ++argv;
    --argc;

#ifdef JAVA_ARGS
    /* Preprocess wrapper arguments */
    TranslateApplicationArgs(&argc, &argv);
    if (!AddApplicationOptions()) {
        exit(1);
    }
#endif

    /* Set default CLASSPATH */
    if ((s = getenv("CLASSPATH")) == 0) {
        s = ".";
    }
#ifndef JAVA_ARGS
    SetClassPath(s);
#endif

    /*
     *  Parse command line options; if the return value of
     *  ParseArguments is false, the program should exit.
     */
    if (!ParseArguments(&argc, &argv, &jarfile, &classname, &ret, jvmpath)) {
      exit(ret);
    }

    /* Override class path if -jar flag was specified */
    if (jarfile != 0) {
        SetClassPath(jarfile);
    }

    /* set the -Dsun.java.command pseudo property */
    SetJavaCommandLineProp(classname, jarfile, argc, argv);

    /* Set the -Dsun.java.launcher pseudo property */
    SetJavaLauncherProp();

    /* set the -Dsun.java.launcher.* platform properties */
    SetJavaLauncherPlatformProps();

#ifndef GAMMA
    /* Show the splash screen if needed */
    ShowSplashScreen();
#endif

    /*
     * Done with all command line processing and potential re-execs so
     * clean up the environment.
     */
    (void)UnsetEnv(ENV_ENTRY);
#ifndef GAMMA
    (void)UnsetEnv(SPLASH_FILE_ENV_ENTRY);
    (void)UnsetEnv(SPLASH_JAR_ENV_ENTRY);

    JLI_MemFree(splash_jar_entry);
    JLI_MemFree(splash_file_entry);
#endif

    /*
     * If user doesn't specify stack size, check if VM has a preference.
     * Note that HotSpot no longer supports JNI_VERSION_1_1 but it will
     * return its default stack size through the init args structure.
     */
    //设置JVM线程堆栈的大小  
    if (threadStackSize == 0) {
      struct JDK1_1InitArgs args1_1;
      memset((void*)&args1_1, 0, sizeof(args1_1));
      args1_1.version = JNI_VERSION_1_1;
      ifn.GetDefaultJavaVMInitArgs(&args1_1);  /* ignore return value */
      if (args1_1.javaStackSize > 0) {
         threadStackSize = args1_1.javaStackSize;
      }
    }
    //开始准备执行用户提交的JAVA代码的main方法
    { /* Create a new thread to create JVM and invoke main method */
      struct JavaMainArgs args;

      args.argc = argc;
      args.argv = argv;
      args.jarfile = jarfile;
      args.classname = classname;
      args.ifn = ifn;

      return ContinueInNewThread(JavaMain, threadStackSize, (void*)&args);
    }
}

启动用户代码

int JNICALL
JavaMain(void * _args)
{
    struct JavaMainArgs *args = (struct JavaMainArgs *)_args;
    int argc = args->argc;
    char **argv = args->argv;
    char *jarfile = args->jarfile;
    char *classname = args->classname;
    InvocationFunctions ifn = args->ifn;

    JavaVM *vm = 0;
    JNIEnv *env = 0;
    jstring mainClassName;
    jclass mainClass;
    jmethodID mainID;
    jobjectArray mainArgs;
    int ret = 0;
    jlong start, end;

    /*
     * Error message to print or display; by default the message will
     * only be displayed in a window.
     */
    char * message = "Fatal exception occurred.  Program will exit.";
    jboolean messageDest = JNI_FALSE;

    /* Initialize the virtual machine */

    if (_launcher_debug)
        start = CounterGet();
    if (!InitializeJVM(&vm, &env, &ifn)) {
        ReportErrorMessage("Could not create the Java virtual machine.",
                           JNI_TRUE);
        exit(1);
    }

    if (printVersion || showVersion) {
        PrintJavaVersion(env);
        if ((*env)->ExceptionOccurred(env)) {
            ReportExceptionDescription(env);
            goto leave;
        }
        if (printVersion) {
            ret = 0;
            message = NULL;
            goto leave;
        }
        if (showVersion) {
            fprintf(stderr, "\n");
        }
    }

    /* If the user specified neither a class name nor a JAR file */
    if (jarfile == 0 && classname == 0) {
        PrintUsage();
        message = NULL;
        goto leave;
    }

#ifndef GAMMA
    FreeKnownVMs();  /* after last possible PrintUsage() */
#endif

    if (_launcher_debug) {
        end   = CounterGet();
        printf("%ld micro seconds to InitializeJVM\n",
               (long)(jint)Counter2Micros(end-start));
    }

    /* At this stage, argc/argv have the applications' arguments */
    if (_launcher_debug) {
        int i = 0;
        printf("Main-Class is '%s'\n", classname ? classname : "");
        printf("Apps' argc is %d\n", argc);
        for (; i < argc; i++) {
            printf("    argv[%2d] = '%s'\n", i, argv[i]);
        }
    }

    ret = 1;

    /*
     * Get the application's main class.
     *
     * See bugid 5030265.  The Main-Class name has already been parsed
     * from the manifest, but not parsed properly for UTF-8 support.
     * Hence the code here ignores the value previously extracted and
     * uses the pre-existing code to reextract the value.  This is
     * possibly an end of release cycle expedient.  However, it has
     * also been discovered that passing some character sets through
     * the environment has "strange" behavior on some variants of
     * Windows.  Hence, maybe the manifest parsing code local to the
     * launcher should never be enhanced.
     *
     * Hence, future work should either:
     *     1)   Correct the local parsing code and verify that the
     *          Main-Class attribute gets properly passed through
     *          all environments,
     *     2)   Remove the vestages of maintaining main_class through
     *          the environment (and remove these comments).
     */
    //寻找MainClass
    if (jarfile != 0) {
        mainClassName = GetMainClassName(env, jarfile);
        if ((*env)->ExceptionOccurred(env)) {
            ReportExceptionDescription(env);
            goto leave;
        }
        if (mainClassName == NULL) {
          const char * format = "Failed to load Main-Class manifest "
                                "attribute from\n%s";
          message = (char*)JLI_MemAlloc((strlen(format) + strlen(jarfile)) *
                                    sizeof(char));
          sprintf(message, format, jarfile);
          messageDest = JNI_TRUE;
          goto leave;
        }
        classname = (char *)(*env)->GetStringUTFChars(env, mainClassName, 0);
        if (classname == NULL) {
            ReportExceptionDescription(env);
            goto leave;
        }
        mainClass = LoadClass(env, classname);
        if(mainClass == NULL) { /* exception occured */
            const char * format = "Could not find the main class: %s. Program will exit.";
            ReportExceptionDescription(env);
            message = (char *)JLI_MemAlloc((strlen(format) +
                                            strlen(classname)) * sizeof(char) );
            messageDest = JNI_TRUE;
            sprintf(message, format, classname);
            goto leave;
        }
        (*env)->ReleaseStringUTFChars(env, mainClassName, classname);
    } else {
      mainClassName = NewPlatformString(env, classname);
      if (mainClassName == NULL) {
        const char * format = "Failed to load Main Class: %s";
        message = (char *)JLI_MemAlloc((strlen(format) + strlen(classname)) *
                                   sizeof(char) );
        sprintf(message, format, classname);
        messageDest = JNI_TRUE;
        goto leave;
      }
      classname = (char *)(*env)->GetStringUTFChars(env, mainClassName, 0);
      if (classname == NULL) {
        ReportExceptionDescription(env);
        goto leave;
      }
      mainClass = LoadClass(env, classname);//加载主类的实际方法
      if(mainClass == NULL) { /* exception occured */
        const char * format = "Could not find the main class: %s.  Program will exit.";
        ReportExceptionDescription(env);
        message = (char *)JLI_MemAlloc((strlen(format) +
                                        strlen(classname)) * sizeof(char) );
        messageDest = JNI_TRUE;
        sprintf(message, format, classname);
        goto leave;
      }
      (*env)->ReleaseStringUTFChars(env, mainClassName, classname);
    }

    /* Get the application's main method */
    //获取Main方法
    mainID = (*env)->GetStaticMethodID(env, mainClass, "main",
                                       "([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
    if (mainID == NULL) {
        if ((*env)->ExceptionOccurred(env)) {
            ReportExceptionDescription(env);
        } else {
          message = "No main method found in specified class.";
          messageDest = JNI_TRUE;
        }
        goto leave;
    }

    {    /* Make sure the main method is public */
        jint mods;
        jmethodID mid;
        jobject obj = (*env)->ToReflectedMethod(env, mainClass,
                                                mainID, JNI_TRUE);

        if( obj == NULL) { /* exception occurred */
            ReportExceptionDescription(env);
            goto leave;
        }

        mid =
          (*env)->GetMethodID(env,
                              (*env)->GetObjectClass(env, obj),
                              "getModifiers", "()I");
        if ((*env)->ExceptionOccurred(env)) {
            ReportExceptionDescription(env);
            goto leave;
        }

        mods = (*env)->CallIntMethod(env, obj, mid);
        if ((mods & 1) == 0) { /* if (!Modifier.isPublic(mods)) ... */
            message = "Main method not public.";
            messageDest = JNI_TRUE;
            goto leave;
        }
    }

    /* Build argument array */
    mainArgs = NewPlatformStringArray(env, argv, argc);
    if (mainArgs == NULL) {
        ReportExceptionDescription(env);
        goto leave;
    }

    /* Invoke main method. */
    //调用Main方法
    (*env)->CallStaticVoidMethod(env, mainClass, mainID, mainArgs);

    /*
     * The launcher's exit code (in the absence of calls to
     * System.exit) will be non-zero if main threw an exception.
     */
    ret = (*env)->ExceptionOccurred(env) == NULL ? 0 : 1;

    /*
     * Detach the main thread so that it appears to have ended when
     * the application's main method exits.  This will invoke the
     * uncaught exception handler machinery if main threw an
     * exception.  An uncaught exception handler cannot change the
     * launcher's return code except by calling System.exit.
     */
    if ((*vm)->DetachCurrentThread(vm) != 0) {
        message = "Could not detach main thread.";
        messageDest = JNI_TRUE;
        ret = 1;
        goto leave;
    }

    message = NULL;

 leave:
    /*
     * Wait for all non-daemon threads to end, then destroy the VM.
     * This will actually create a trivial new Java waiter thread
     * named "DestroyJavaVM", but this will be seen as a different
     * thread from the one that executed main, even though they are
     * the same C thread.  This allows mainThread.join() and
     * mainThread.isAlive() to work as expected.
     */
    (*vm)->DestroyJavaVM(vm);

    if(message != NULL && !noExitErrorMessage)
      ReportErrorMessage(message, messageDest);
    return ret;
}