为了更方便的操作类,可以对类进行一些操作符的重载。具体代码如下:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Num
{
public:
Num(){}
Num(int a):val(a){}
~Num(){}
Num operator +(const Num& n);
Num& operator =(const Num& n);
Num& operator ++();
Num operator ++(int);
friend istream& operator >>(istream& is , Num& n);
friend ostream& operator <<(ostream& os , const Num& n);
private:
int val;
};
Num Num::operator +(const Num& n)
{
Num ret;
ret.val = val + n.val;
return ret;
}
Num& Num::operator =(const Num& n)
{
val = n.val;
return *this;
}
ostream& operator <<(ostream& os , const Num& n)
{
os<<n.val;
return os;
}
istream& operator >>(istream& is , Num& n)
{
is>>n.val;
return is;
}
Num& Num::operator ++()
{
++val;
return *this;
}
Num Num::operator ++(int)
{
// Num tmp(*this);
Num tmp = *this;
++*this;
return tmp;
}
int main()
{
Num n1(7);
Num n2(3);
Num n3;
n3 = n1 + n2;
cout<<n3<<endl;
cout<<++n3<<endl;
cout<<n3++<<endl;
cout<<n3<<endl;
Num n4;
cin>>n4;
cout<<n4<<endl;
return 0;
}
其中,因为输入输出函数并不是类的成员函数,所以要将其定义为友元函数;而在输入过程中,类的值会改变,所以输入函数的第二个参数不能为const。
operator ++()类似于++i,将变量自加后返回变量;operator ++(int)类似于i++,将变量自加后返回自加钱的值,所以声明了一个中间变量,让它存储自加前的值,进行返回。